Abstract: A multi-functional water quality sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate carrying electrically conductive traces that comprise one or more electrodes configured to sense at least one of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) or acidity (pH) of water. The electrodes are configured to be operated according to a dynamic mode, which includes establishing constant potentials or constant currents between the electrodes and documenting potentials between the electrodes as a measure of ORP and/or pH, and/or determining a differential in the potentials between first and second times as a measure of pH of the water, wherein the dynamic mode may be carried out without use of a silver chloride reference electrode.

Abstract: A method for detecting plant evapotranspiration includes: detecting, by an evapotranspiration (ET) sensor arranged in a canopy of a plant, a speed of air flowing through the canopy of plant, a temperature of the air and a relative humidity of the air over a plurality of time intervals; calculating, by a processor, an estimated mass the air using at least one of a convective mass transfer (CMT) model, a mass balance (MB) model, or an empirical (EM) model; determining, by the processor, a plant scaling coefficient; integrating, by the processor, the estimated mass flux of the air over the plurality of time intervals to obtain a running sum; and multiplying, by the processor, the running sum by the plant scaling coefficient to determine an estimated evapotranspiration of the plant.

Abstract: Wearable uroflowmetry systems having wearable uroflowmeters are disclosed. A disclosed example uroflowmetry system comprises a wearable uroflowmeter including: a funnel portion having an end configured to secure the funnel portion against a person, an outlet opposite the end, and a funnel configured to capture urine excreted by the person when the end is secured against the person, and to direct the captured urine into the outlet; a fluid passage portion having an opening configured to receive the urine from the outlet of the funnel portion, and a fluid channel to pass the received urine along a length of the fluid passage portion; and a measuring portion having a sensor in the fluid channel configured to collect one or more measurements of the urine as the urine passes the sensor, the measurements representative of at least one of a property of the urine, or a flow characteristic of the urine.

Abstract: A method of operating a spa includes the following steps. Sensing a plurality of physical and chemical spa water qualities, including oxidation reduction potential (ORP), acidity (pH), and conductivity, using at least one sensor in fluid communication with spa water and in electrical communication with a spa controller. Adjusting spa chemistry in response to one or more of the plurality of fluid conditions, wherein the spa controller receives data from the at least one sensor and, based on the data received, controls one or more chemical treatment components to input chemicals into the spa water. A related apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to polymerization and producing polymers and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, systems, and compositions for producing articles using three-dimensional printing and for improving control of polymerization using a polymerization photoinhibitor having fast back reaction kinetics such as hexaarylbiimidazole compounds and bridged hexaarylbiimidazole compounds.

Abstract: A multi-functional sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate defining at least a distal region, intermediary region, and proximal region that are each covered with electrically conductive traces. The proximal region is configured to be exposed to a media to be sensed and the distal and intermediary regions are configured to be protected from the media. The electrically conductive traces are connected to one or more electrodes to sense one or more of alkalinity, cyanuric acid concentration, or oxidant concentration of the media.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to polymerization and producing polymers and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, systems, and compositions for producing articles using three-dimensional printing and for improving control of polymerization using a polymerization photoinhibitor having fast back reaction kinetics such as hexaarylbiimidazole compounds and bridged hexaarylbiimidazole compounds.

Abstract: A microfluidic device system includes a channel having an entrance and an exit, a height at the entrance being greater than a height at the exit. The height of the channel may decrease continuously from the height at the entrance to the height at the exit. Cells or particles or beads traveling through the channel become trapped based on their size and/or deformability. A visual sensor captures images of the trapped cells or particles or beads, and image software analyzes the captured images to provide size and/or deformability and/or fluorescence information. A method of fabricating such a microfluidic device includes introducing a glass wafer to an etching solution at a specific rate such that a first end of the glass wafer is etched longer than other portions of the glass wafer.

Abstract: A droplet-based microfluidic rheometer system and method of use for real-time viscosity monitoring of blood coagulation is disclosed. Droplets of blood samples are generated in a microfluidic rheometer, and the size of the droplets is highly correlated to the sample viscosity. The size of the droplets can be determined optically using an inverted light microscope and a camera or using electrodes. The microfluidic rheometer systems provides viscosity measurements in less than a second and consumes less than 1 ?l blood or plasma over an hour period. The viscosity measurements may be displayed and transmitted to the Internet or cloud storage.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to polymerization and producing polymers and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, systems, and compositions for producing articles using three-dimensional printing and for improving control of polymerization using a polymerization photoinhibitor having fast back reaction kinetics such as hexaarylbiimidazole compounds and bridged hexaarylbiimidazole compounds.

Abstract: A microfluidic device system includes a channel having an entrance and an exit, a height at the entrance being greater than a height at the exit. The height of the channel may decrease continuously from the height at the entrance to the height at the exit. Cells or particles or beads traveling through the channel become trapped based on their size and/or deformability. A visual sensor captures images of the trapped cells or particles or beads, and image software analyzes the captured images to provide size and/or deformability and/or fluorescence information. A method of fabricating such a microfluidic device includes introducing a glass wafer to an etching solution at a specific rate such that a first end of the glass wafer is etched longer than other portions of the glass wafer.

Abstract: A microfluidic device system includes a channel having an entrance and an exit, a height at the entrance being greater than a height at the exit. The height of the channel may decrease continuously from the height at the entrance to the height at the exit. Cells or particles or beads traveling through the channel become trapped based on their size and/or deformability. A visual sensor captures images of the trapped cells or particles or beads, and image software analyzes the captured images to provide size and/or deformability and/or fluorescence information. A method of fabricating such a microfluidic device includes introducing a glass wafer to an etching solution at a specific rate such that a first end of the glass wafer is etched longer than other portions of the glass wafer.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting heavy metals in water is provided. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode having complementary interdigitated surfaces that are separated from each other by a first gap having a distance of greater than or equal to about 500 nm to less than or equal to about 10 ?m. The sensor also includes a power source connectable to the first electrode and the second electrode. The sensor is configured to continuously monitor water for the presence of heavy metals. Methods of making and using the sensor are also provided.

Abstract: A microfluidic device system includes a channel having an entrance and an exit, a height at the entrance being greater than a height at the exit. The height of the channel may decrease continuously from the height at the entrance to the height at the exit. Cells or particles or beads traveling through the channel become trapped based on their size and/or deformability. A visual sensor captures images of the trapped cells or particles or beads, and image software analyzes the captured images to provide size and/or deformability and/or fluorescence information. A method of fabricating such a microfluidic device includes introducing a glass wafer to an etching solution at a specific rate such that a first end of the glass wafer is etched longer than other portions of the glass wafer.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to polymerization and producing polymers and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, systems, and compositions for producing articles using three-dimensional printing and for improving control of polymerization using a polymerization photoinhibitor having fast back reaction kinetics such as hexaarylbiimidazole compounds and bridged hexaarylbiimidazole compounds.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to polymerization and producing polymers and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, systems, and compositions for producing articles using three-dimensional printing and for improving control of polymerization using a polymerization photoinhibitor having fast back reaction kinetics such as hexaarylbiimidazole compounds and bridged hexaarylbiimidazole compounds.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting heavy metals in water is provided. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode having complementary interdigitated surfaces that are separated from each other by a first gap having a distance of greater than or equal to about 500 nm to less than or equal to about 10 ?m. The sensor also includes a power source connectable to the first electrode and the second electrode. The sensor is configured to continuously monitor water for the presence of heavy metals. Methods of making and using the sensor are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-functional water quality sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate carrying electrically conductive traces that comprise one or more electrodes configured to sense at least one of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) or acidity (pH) of water. The electrodes are configured to be operated according to a dynamic mode, which includes establishing constant potentials or constant currents between the electrodes and documenting potentials between the electrodes as a measure of ORP and/or pH, and/or determining a differential in the potentials between first and second times as a measure of pH of the water, wherein the dynamic mode may be carried out without use of a silver chloride reference electrode.

Abstract: Wearable uroflowmetry systems having wearable uroflowmeters, and methods of operating the same are disclosed. A disclosed example uroflowmetry system comprises a wearable uroflowmeter including: a funnel portion having an end configured to secure the funnel portion against a person, an outlet opposite the end, and a funnel configured to capture urine excreted by the person when the end is secured against the person, and to direct the captured urine into the outlet; a fluid passage portion having an opening configured to receive the urine from the outlet of the funnel portion, and a fluid channel to pass the received urine along a length of the fluid passage portion; and a measuring portion having a sensor in the fluid channel configured to collect one or more measurements of the urine as the urine passes the sensor, the measurements representative of at least one of a property of the urine, or a flow characteristic of the urine.

Abstract: A fluidic logic and actuator system for outputting a displacement having a fluidic logic circuitry layer including a fluidic control input and a plurality of fluidic latching memory units. At least some of the plurality of fluidic latching memory units are configured to perform combinatorial and sequential logic functions and output a fluid response. A fluid actuator layer is provided having a plurality of fluid actuators, wherein each of the plurality of fluid actuators being movable in response to the fluid response of a corresponding one of the plurality of fluidic latching memory units.