Abstract: A thermal processing system and method for processing a semiconductor substrate. An inductor couples energy to a susceptor, wherein the spacing between the inductor and the susceptor is configured for the steady-state portions of a CVD epitaxial deposition process. The temperature uniformity of the susceptor is improved during the transient portions of the process, the heat ramp-up and cool down, by varying the distance of separation between the inductor and the susceptor. Temperature non-uniformities are a common cause of slip. Additional aspects of the invention provide for improved thermal shielding of the edges and top surface of the susceptor. Thicker susceptors also improve temperature uniformity.

Abstract: Solid residues arising from the burning of solid wastes have lead and cadmium sufficiently insolubilized to pass the EPA toxicity test only where the pH in the EPA test is between 7.5 and 12.0. Addition of water soluble phosphate, especially phosphoric acid, increases the immobilization of lead and cadmium so as to make such residues in compliance with the toxicity tests over a substantially broader pH range.

Abstract: Leaching of cadmium and lead from solid residues obtained in the incineration of refuse may be reduced to environmentally acceptable levels by the addition of calcium sulfide to such residues. A particularly convenient method involves the addition of dry lime and an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt supplying sulfide, especially an alkali metal sulfide, in equimolar quantities.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons may be subjected to a dehydrogenation reaction in which the hydrocarbons are treated with a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising a modified iron compound in the presence of steam in a multicatalyst bed system. The reaction mixture containing unconverted hydrocarbons, dehydrogenated hydrocarbons, hydrogen and steam is then contacted with an oxidation catalyst whereby hydrogen is selectively oxidized in preference to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons. The selective oxidation of hydrogen will improve the combustion thereof and supply the necessary heat which is required for a subsequent dehydrogenation treatment. The selective oxidation catalyst which is used will comprise a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and, if so desired, a metal of Group IA or IIA of the Periodic Table composited on a porous inorganic support. The inorganic support will have been calcined prior to impregnation thereof at a temperature in the range of from about 900.degree.

Abstract: A process is provided for the hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon charge stock which comprises reacting the charge stock with hydrogen at hydrocracking conversion conditions in contact with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a Group VIB metal component, Group VIII metal component, and a fluorine component present in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 wt. %, on an elemental basis, based on the composite, with a silica-thoria carrier material wherein the carrier is cogelled silica-thoria consisting of from about 25% to about 99% by weight silica and from 1% to about 75% by weight thoria.A hydrocracking catalyst is also provided which comprises a combination of a nickel component, a tungsten component, and a fluorine component with a silica-thoria carrier material. The nickel, tungsten, and fluorine components are present in amounts sufficient to result in the composite containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.5 to about 2 wt. % of the nickel component, about 0.5 to about 14 wt.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon charge stock which comprises contacting said charge stock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a carrier material, a Group VIB metal component and Group VIII metal component wherein said Group VIB metal component and said Group VIII metal component are incorporated in said catalytic composite by means of a non-aqueous organic solution of a Group VIB metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound, wherein said non-aqueous organic solution comprises dimethylformamide, formamide, diethylformamide, ethylformamide, methylformamide, pyridine, aniline or toluene and wherein said catalytic composite is calcined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: An oligomerization process is effected by treating olefinic hydrocarbons containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst comprising boron fluoride composited on an alumina support. The catalyst is treated with an additive comprising an oxygen or nitrogen-containing compound either prior to or during the process whereby the product which is obtained from the reaction will contain oligomer isomers possessing minimal branching.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon charge stock is disclosed which process comprises reacting the charge stock with hydrogen at hydrocracking conditions in contact with a catalytic composite having improved selectivity to middle distillate product during hydrocracking which comprises alumina, a crystalline aluminosilicate, a Group VIB metal component and a Group VIII metal component and which catalytic composite is prepared by the method comprising admixing the alumina and crystalline aluminosilicate with a peptizing agent and an aqueous solution of a modified linear aliphatic polyether surfactant to form a dough; extruding the dough into discrete particles; and calcining and drying the particles.

Abstract: Oligomers of olefins containing from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms such as dimers may be obtained in a more highly branched chain compound by effecting the oligomerization at temperatures in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 350.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 100 to about 2500 psig in the presence of a catalyst comprising a fluorided aluminum phosphate. The catalyst may be prepared by impregnating an aluminum phosphate with a fluorine-containing compound in an aqeous or nonaqueous medium, drying, calcining and recovering the desired catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is disclosed which catalyst comprises a refractory inorganic oxide, a Group VIB metal component, a Group VIII metal component and a fluoride component wherein the last step in the catalyst preparation is the incorporation of the fluorine component and a subsequent calcination in contact with a flowing gas. Other embodiments of the present invention describe the use of the catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion and preferred methods of catalyst manufacture.

Abstract: A process is provided for the hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon charge stock which comprises reacting the charge stock with hydrogen at hydrocracking conversion conditions in contact with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a Group VIB metal component, Group VIII metal component, and a fluorine component present in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 wt. %, on an elemental basis, based on the composite, with a silica-thoria carrier material wherein the carrier is cogelled silica-thoria consisting of from about 25% to about 99% by weight silica and from 1% to about 75% by weight thoria.A hydrocracking catalyst is also provided which comprises a combination of a nickel component, a tungsten component, and a fluorine component with a silica-thoria carrier material. The nickel, tungsten, and fluorine components are present in amounts sufficient to result in the composite containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.5 to about 2 wt. % of the nickel component, about 0.5 to about 14 wt.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is disclosed which comprises a combination of a carrier material, a Group VIB metal component and Group VIII metal component wherein said group VIB metal component and said Group VIII metal component are incorporated in said catalytic composite by means of a non-aqueous organic solution of a Group VIB metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound, wherein said non-aqueous organic solution comprises dimethylformamide, formamide, diethylformamide, ethylformamide, methylformamide, pyridine, aniline or toluene and wherein said catalytic composite is calcined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Other embodiments of the present invention describe the use of the catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion and preferred methods of catalyst manufacture.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted with a catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a Group VIII metallic component and a Group VI-B metallic component. Key features of the process are the commingling of alumina and zeolite before the rare earth exchange of the faujasite and the extremely low sodium concentration of the finished catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking process utilizing a catalyst comprising a Ziegler alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component and a platinum group metal component.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of at least one component from Group IIA based on the weight of the finished catalyst in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. Hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are hydrocracking, the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component selected from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 1 to about 3 wt. % sulfate based on the weight of the finished catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component selected from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of at least one component selected from Group IIA based on the weight of the finished catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of middle distillate hydrocarbons from heavier hydrocarbon feed stocks utilizing a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component and at least one metal component selected from Group VIB or Group VIII and having a nominal particle diameter of less than 0.04 inches.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component selected from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 0.9 to about 5 wt. % of at least one component selected from Group IA based on the weight of the finished catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component selected from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of at least one component selected from Group IIA based on the weight of the finished catalyst.