Abstract: The present invention relates generally to hydrogen production for use in fuel cells, foodstuffs and chemical production, and more particularly, to biologically and photosynthetically produced hydrogen. Specifically, disclosed is a method for producing bacteria and green alga that can produce hydrogen in quantities that exceed four hundred percent of the hydrogen produced by green alga in nature; thus, producing organisms which can serve as hydrogen generators for fuel cells, chemical production and numerous other applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to hydrogen production for use in fuel cells, foodstuffs and chemical production, and more particularly, to biologically and photosynthetically produced hydrogen. Specifically, disclosed is a method for producing bacteria and green alga that can produce hydrogen in quantities that exceed four hundred percent of the hydrogen produced by green alga in nature; thus, producing organisms which can serve as hydrogen generators for fuel cells, chemical production and numerous other applications.

Abstract: Certain ?-amino acids that bind to the alpha-2-delta (?2?) subunit of a calcium channel are disclosed. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric, pain and other disorders. Also disclosed are methods of making the ?-amino acids.

Abstract: Certain ?-amino acids that bind to the alpha-2-delta (?2?) subunit of a calcium channel are disclosed. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric, pain and other disorders.

Abstract: Certain ?-amino acids that bind to the alpha-2-delta (?2?) subunit of a calcium channel are disclosed. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric, pain and other disorders. Also disclosed are methods of making the ?-amino acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diphenylamino ketone derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to imidazopyridine and triazolopyridine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-substituted-4-(substituted)phenylamino-2-pyridone derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides benzo[b]thiophenes of Formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, and L have any of the values defined therefor in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: This invention provides substituted Phenyl-(2-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl-phenyl)-amine and (2-[1,3,4]Oxadiazol-2-yl-phenyl)phenyl-amine compounds which act as inhibitors of MAPK/ERK Kinase (“MEK”) enzymes and pharmaceutical compositions and methods for their use in immunomodulation and in the treatment and alleviation of inflammation, and proliferative diseases such as cancer and restenosis.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon employs a solid membrane. A feed stream is provided containing a feed liquid hydrocarbon and a feed sulfur species and a sweep stream is provided containing a sweep liquid hydrocarbon. A relatively large quantity of the feed stream is conveyed past one side of the solid membrane, while a relatively small quantity of the sweep stream is conveyed past the opposite side of the solid membrane. The feed sulfur species is transported in a permeate from the feed stream through the solid membrane to the sweep stream. As a result, the feed stream is converted to a relatively large quantity of a substantially sulfur-free reject stream containing a primary hydrocarbon product, while the sweep stream combines with the permeate to produce a relatively small quantity of a sulfur-enriched stream, which is amenable to further processing.

Abstract: A process for converting organic sulfur compounds contained in liquid hydrocarbons to elemental sulfur. The liquid hydrocarbons are solubilized in an organic solvent and reacted in the presence of a biocatalyst and hydrogen. The organic solvent is a nucleophilic solvent having a pKa greater than about 2, an electrophilic solvent having a pKa more negative than about −2, or mixtures thereof. The biocatalyst may be supported on a Lewis acid. Elemental sulfur is removed from the liquid hydrocarbons. Liquid hydrocarbons treated in accordance with this process have significantly reduced concentrations of organic sulfur compounds and thus reduced viscosity.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon employs a solid membrane. A feed stream is provided containing a feed liquid hydrocarbon and a feed sulfur species and a sweep stream is provided containing a sweep liquid hydrocarbon. A relatively large quantity of the feed stream is conveyed past one side of the solid membrane, while a relatively small quantity of the sweep stream is conveyed past the opposite side of the solid membrane. The feed sulfur species is transported in a permeate from the feed stream through the solid membrane to the sweep stream. As a result, the feed stream is converted to a relatively large quantity of a substantially sulfur-free reject stream containing a primary hydrocarbon product, while the sweep stream combines with the permeate to produce a relatively small quantity of a sulfur-enriched stream, which is amenable to further processing.

Abstract: Adverse effects of asphaltenes in liquid hydrocarbons are reduced by incorporating into the liquid hydrocarbon sufficient concentration, e.g., about 0.5 to 5 weight % of a dispersant to disassemble or break up agglomerates of the asphaltenes. The dispersant has a polarity of about 0.3 to about 3.2 Debye Units and is preferably selected from the group of toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, tetralin, furan, phenol, ethyl benzoate, butraldehyde, acetophenone and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: Recovery of an insoluble polymeric sulfur species from the reaction solution of a hydrogen sulfide conversion process is enhanced by adding a sulfur debonding agent to the hydrogen sulfide conversion reaction solution either at the outset of the process or after conversion of the hydrogen sulfide. Conversion of the hydrogen sulfide initially produces a soluble complex having the polymeric sulfur bound therein. The sulfur debonding agent breaks the soluble complex to produce a free insoluble polymeric species readily separable from the reaction solution by conventional physical means to obtain the desired sulfur product.

Abstract: A process for converting hydrogen sulfide which is contained in a gaseous feed stream to elemental sulfur and hydrogen. The process comprises contacting said gaseous feed stream with a polar organic solvent having an anthraquinone, and optionally a complexing agent, dissolved therein, reacting the hydrogen sulfide gas and anthraquinone to produce sulfur and an anthrahydroquinone in the solvent, and catalytically dehydrogenating the anthrahyroquinone to anthraquinone and hydrogen. In accordance with the present invention, a relatively small quantity of water is added to a polar organic solvent thereby increasing the elemental sulfur which is precipitated and thus recovered. The addition of water prior to or during sulfur production also increases hydrogen product selectivity in the subsequent dehydrogenation of anthrahydroquinone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrogen sulfide to sulfur and hydrogen. The hydrogen sulfide gas is contacted with a quinone in an aqueous solvent containing a sulfur complexing agent to yield sulfur and the corresponding hydroquinone. The hydroquinone is converted back to quinone and hydrogen. The quinone is recycled and the hydrogen gas and sulfur is collected. The invention also discloses a range of ratios of complexing agent to quinone which produces an unexpected yield for the disclosed reaction.

Abstract: Asphalt used for road paving containing catalytic cracking catalyst particles which have been burned to remove hydrocarbons deposited thereon during a petroleum catalytic cracking process. The catalyst particles may be present in the asphalt in amounts of from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of the asphalt, but more preferably from 0.2% to 2.0% by weight of the asphalt. The particles, which are comprised of crystalline and amorphous silica and alumina and silica-alumina combinations, function to prevent oxidative condensation of the asphalt, thus preventing hardening of the asphalt.

Abstract: Plugging in fluid passageways of a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation or associated production wells caused by the accumulation of insoluble salt precipitates therein which results from an in situ interaction between precipitate precursor ions in an injection water and resident ions already occurring in the formation is prevented by removing the precursor ions from the injection water by a reverse osmosis membrane before injecting the water into the formation.