Abstract: Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are shown to be a viable replacement for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for gate lengths of less than about 40 nm, providing an alternative to the gate leakage problems presented by scaled down MOSFETs. Integrated circuit designs can have complementary JFET (CJFET) logic cells substituted for existing MOSFET-based logic cells to produce revised integrated circuit designs. Integrated circuits can include JFETS where the channel comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor material and the gate comprises a narrow bandgap semiconductor material. Mixtures of JFET and MOSFET transistors can be included on an integrated circuit design.

Abstract: Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are shown to be a viable replacement for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for gate lengths of less than about 40 nm, providing an alternative to the gate leakage problems presented by scaled down MOSFETs. Integrated circuit designs can have complementary JFET (CJFET) logic cells substituted for existing MOSFET-based logic cells to produce revised integrated circuit designs. Integrated circuits can include JFETS where the channel comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor material and the gate comprises a narrow bandgap semiconductor material. Mixtures of JFET and MOSFET transistors can be included on an integrated circuit design.

Abstract: A piston for a control valve of a water treatment apparatus includes a body having a central portion from which at least one flange projects radially outward. Each flange has an outer peripheral surface extending around the central portion with an annular groove therein. The annular groove is undercut thereby having a width that increases from the peripheral surface radially inward into the flange. A separate sealing ring is molded into the groove of each flange and is captivated therein by the undercut of the groove. That captivation better enables each sealing ring to resist forces produced by the water flowing through the control valve without becoming dislodged from the flange.

Abstract: A storage manager provides data privacy, while preserving the benefits provided by existing hash based storage systems. Each file is assigned a unique identifying code. Hashes of the content-derived chunks of the file are calculated based on the content of the chunk and the code identifying the file. When a request to store a chunk of data is received, it is determined whether a chunk associated with the hash has already been stored. Because hashes are based on privacy-preserving codes as well as content, chunks of duplicate copies of a file need not be stored multiple times, and yet privacy is preserved for content at a file level. In other embodiments, hashes indicating whether a given file is public and/or indicating the identity of the requesting user are also sent with storage requests. These additional hashes enable more robust transmission and storage efficiency, while still preserving privacy.

Abstract: A traveling wave device includes a slow wave circuit supported by a dielectric membrane. The dielectric membrane can have a thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength of operation of the traveling wave device.

Abstract: Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are shown to be a viable replacement for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for gate lengths of less than about 40 nm, providing an alternative to the gate leakage problems presented by scaled down MOSFETs. Integrated circuit designs can have complementary JFET (CJFET) logic cells substituted for existing MOSFET-based logic cells to produce revised integrated circuit designs. Integrated circuits can include JFETS where the channel comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor material and the gate comprises a narrow bandgap semiconductor material. Mixtures of JFET and MOSFET transistors can be included on an integrated circuit design.

Abstract: An original identifier of an application in a computer system is changed to a new identifier. An attempt is made, using the original identifier, to run the application. In response to the attempt, the application is then launched in a restricted user account on the computer system using the new identifier.

Abstract: Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are shown to be a viable replacement for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for gate lengths of less than about 40 nm, providing an alternative to the gate leakage problems presented by scaled down MOSFETs. Integrated circuit designs can have complementary JFET (CJFET) logic cells substituted for existing MOSFET-based logic cells to produce revised integrated circuit designs. Integrated circuits can include JFETS where the channel comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor material and the gate comprises a narrow bandgap semiconductor material. Mixtures of JFET and MOSFET transistors can be included on an integrated circuit design.

Abstract: A file sharing system includes authorization-based security to control access to shared files; and a synchronizer which uses the authorization-based security to monitor the shared files for changes and propagating the changes according to sharing relationships. A method for file sharing includes using authorization-based security to control access to a shared file; and monitoring the shared file for changes using a synchronizer which incorporates the authorization-based security to access the shared file.

Abstract: A method for authentication in a client computer and a remote computer is disclosed. A client base value is obtained, selected by a user of the client computer for at least a first usage purpose. A client integer is obtained, selected by the user for at least a second usage purpose. The client base value is combined with the client integer to obtain a client combination. The client combination is hashed to obtain a client password.

Abstract: Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are shown to be a viable replacement for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for gate lengths of less than about 40 nm, providing an alternative to the gate leakage problems presented by scaled down MOSFETs. Integrated circuit designs can have complementary JFET (CJFET) logic cells substituted for existing MOSFET-based logic cells to produce revised integrated circuit designs. Integrated circuits can include JFETS where the channel comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor material and the gate comprises a narrow bandgap semiconductor material. Mixtures of JFET and MOSFET transistors can be included on an integrated circuit design.

Abstract: A fire detection system for an enclosed area comprises: at least one infrared (IR) imager for generating infrared images of at least a portion of the enclosed area, for determining from the images that a fire is perceived present in the enclosed area, and for generating a first signal indicative of the perceived presence of fire; at least one fire detector for monitoring at least a portion of the enclosed area, the fire detector comprising at least one fire byproduct chemical sensor for generating at least one second signal representative of the presence of at least one fire byproduct chemical in the enclosed area; and a controller governed by the first and second signals to confirm that a fire is present in the enclosed area. In one embodiment, the enclosed area is divided into a plurality of detection zones with at least one fire detector disposed at each detection zone.

Abstract: A method of detecting contaminants on a window surface of a viewing system comprises the steps of: reflecting light off of contaminants on the window surface; capturing the reflected light in an image; converting the image into image data; and processing the image data to detect the contaminants on the window surface. Also, apparatus for detecting contaminants on an external surface of a window of a viewing system comprises: at least one light source for reflecting light from contaminants on the external surface; an imager for capturing an image of the reflected light and converting the image into image data; and a processor for processing the image data to detect the contaminants on the external surface.

Abstract: A method of detecting a combustion chemical in a region and setting an alarm based on concentration levels of the combustion chemical comprises the steps of: monitoring the region for a combustion chemical with a sensor having a measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical, the measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent; generating an ambient temperature measurement of the sensor; reading the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement; processing the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of the monitored combustion chemical; and setting an alarm based on the generated temperature compensated concentration level. A fire detector unit for implementing the foregoing described method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of detecting a combustion chemical in a region and setting an alarm based on concentration levels of the combustion chemical comprises the steps of: monitoring the region for a combustion chemical with a sensor having a measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical, the measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent; generating an ambient temperature measurement of the sensor; reading the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement; processing the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of the monitored combustion chemical; and setting an alarm based on the generated temperature compensated concentration level. A fire detector unit for implementing the foregoing described method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor has an interferometer which measures a change in an applied environmental condition relative to a reference environmental condition. The interferometer is operated under the applied environmental condition to generate an interference spectrum. Intensities of the interference spectrum are measured at first and second wavelengths, respectively. The first and second wavelengths correspond to first and second reference intensities that are separated from one another by an odd number of extrema in the interference spectrum when the interferometer is operated under the reference condition. Measurement of the change in the applied environmental condition is based on the measured intensities and the first and second reference intensities.

Abstract: A fire detection system for an enclosed area comprises: at least one infrared (IR) imager for generating infrared images of at least a portion of the enclosed area, for determining from the images that a fire is perceived present in the enclosed area, and for generating a first signal indicative of the perceived presence of fire; at least one fire detector for monitoring at least a portion of the enclosed area, the fire detector comprising at least one fire byproduct chemical sensor for generating at least one second signal representative of the presence of at least one fire byproduct chemical in the enclosed area; and a controller governed by the first and second signals to confirm that a fire is present in the enclosed area. In one embodiment, the enclosed area is divided into a plurality of detection zones with at least one fire detector disposed at each detection zone.

Abstract: A magnetically permeable material comprising a substantially amorphous permalloy film is disclosed. The substantially amorphous permalloy film is formed by ion-beam sputtering. The substantially amorphous permalloy film exhibits improved output amplitude and noise characteristics.

Abstract: A three-axis, non-scanning, self-referenced laser air data sensing system comprises a support having three separate laser diodes providing beams of coherent light, which beams are directed toward separate beam expander mirrors. The expander mirrors reflect an expanding beam back toward a focusing mirror that focuses the beams along three diverging axes at known angles to each other at three separate locations in space. The focused beams form small detection cell regions through which particles in the fluid pass and reflect light. The reflected light is received back along the same paths as the transmission of the source light, and is directed back toward detectors on the base. The reflected light undergoes a Doppler shift, and this reflected light is combined with a reference signal tapped from one of the other of the three coherent light sources for heterodyning the signals for determining the Doppler shift and thus the relative velocity.

Abstract: Magnetically permeable, high magnetic saturation, primarily iron NiFe alloys are formed on thin seed layers by sputtering and electroplating. Pole layers a few microns in thickness can be formed of magnetically superlative, primarily iron NiFe alloys in this manner for transducers that may be used in information storage systems. The seed layers may include Ni0.55Fe0.45 or Cr, and the magnetically superlative NiFe alloy may be Ni0.45Fe0.55. The magnetically superlative NiFe alloy has increased concentration of a body centered cubic crystalline phase and/or a decreased concentration of a face centered cubic crystalline phase compared with conventional Ni0.45Fe0.55. A laminated pole structure has a dielectric interlayer along with seed layers and magnetically superlative, primarily iron NiFe layers.