Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel and a gas-conducting system for gases that occur when producing the pig iron and/or producing the crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical plant or biotechnological plant, connected to the gas-conducting system, and also energy storage for covering at least part of the electricity demand of the plant complex. Also the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel, a gas-conducting system for gases that occur when producing the pig iron and/or the crude steel, and a power-generating plant for electricity generation. The power-generating plant is designed as a gas-turbine power-generating plant or gas-turbine and steam-turbine power-generating plant and is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the blast-furnace top gas that occurs in the blast furnace and/or a partial amount of the converter gas. The plant complex additionally comprises a chemical plant and a biotechnological plant, the power-generating plant, the chemical plant and the biotechnological plant being arranged in a parallel setup with regard to the gas supply. The gas-conducting system comprises an operationally controllable gas-distributing device for dividing the streams of gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel, a gas-conducting system for gases that occur in the production of pig iron and/or in the production of crude steel, and a power-generating plant for electricity generation. The power-generating plant is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the blast-furnace top gas that occurs in the production of pig iron and/or a partial amount of the converter gas. According to the invention, a chemical or biotechnological plant is provided and connected to the gas-conducting system and arranged in parallel with the power-generating plant with respect to the gas supply. Externally obtained electricity and power-generating plant electricity are used to cover the electricity demand of the plant complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing syngas in combined operation with a metallurgical plant which comprises at least one blast furnace for producing crude iron, a converter steel mill and a coke-oven plant. Part of the blast-furnace top gas that is produced in the production of crude iron and/or part of the converter gas that occurs in the converter steel mill and/or part of the coke-oven gas that is produced in the coke-oven plant are mixed. By choosing the gas streams that are brought together to form a mixed gas and/or by changing the mixing ratios of the gas streams that are brought together, at least two streams of useful gas are produced, differing with regard to their composition and respectively prepared to form streams of syngas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel and a gas-conducting system for gases that occur in the production of pig iron and/or in the production of crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical or biotechnological plant connected to the gas-conducting system and a plant for producing hydrogen. The plant for producing hydrogen is connected to the gas-conducting system by a hydrogen-carrying line. Also the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.

Abstract: Methods for constructing a borehole, in some examples, in the Earth's crust, may involve holding a drill head in the borehole by a linkage. The drill head may include a thermal device that causes material on a base of the borehole to be released from the solid phase via phase change. The released material may be removed in a direction of the Earth's surface. Further, the thermal device may be operated so that it generates a thermal output power high enough to predominantly sublimate material when transitioning out of the solid phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel, a gas-conducting system for gases that occur in the production of pig iron and/or in the production of crude steel, and a power-generating plant for electricity generation. The power-generating plant is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the blast-furnace top gas that occurs in the production of pig iron and/or a partial amount of the converter gas. According to the invention, a chemical or biotechnological plant is provided and connected to the gas-conducting system and arranged in parallel with the power-generating plant with respect to the gas supply. Externally obtained electricity and power-generating plant electricity are used to cover the electricity demand of the plant complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing syngas in combined operation with a metallurgical plant which comprises at least one blast furnace for producing crude iron, a converter steel mill and a coke-oven plant. Part of the blast-furnace top gas that is produced in the production of crude iron and/or part of the converter gas that occurs in the converter steel mill and/or part of the coke-oven gas that is produced in the coke-oven plant are mixed. By choosing the gas streams that are brought together to form a mixed gas and/or by changing the mixing ratios of the gas streams that are brought together, at least two streams of useful gas are produced, differing with regard to their composition and respectively prepared to form streams of syngas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel, a gas-conducting system for gases that occur when producing the pig iron and/or the crude steel, and a power-generating plant for electricity generation. The power-generating plant is designed as a gas-turbine power-generating plant or gas-turbine and steam-turbine power-generating plant and is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the blast-furnace top gas that occurs in the blast furnace and/or a partial amount of the converter gas. The plant complex additionally comprises a chemical plant and a biotechnological plant, the power-generating plant, the chemical plant and the biotechnological plant being arranged in a parallel setup with regard to the gas supply. The gas-conducting system comprises an operationally controllable gas-distributing device for dividing the streams of gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel and a gas-conducting system for gases that occur when producing the pig iron and/or producing the crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical plant or biotechnological plant, connected to the gas-conducting system, and also energy storage for covering at least part of the electricity demand of the plant complex. Also the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing CO2 emissions in the operation of a metallurgical plant which comprises at least one blast furnace for producing crude iron and a converter steel mill for producing crude steel. According to the invention, at least a partial amount of the blast-furnace top gas that occurs in the blast furnace in the production of crude iron and/or a partial amount of the converter gas that occurs in the production of crude steel is taken for producing syngas that is used for producing chemical products. At the same time, the energy demand of the metallurgical plant is at least partly covered by using electricity that is obtained from renewable energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel and a gas-conducting system for gases that occur in the production of pig iron and/or in the production of crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical or biotechnological plant connected to the gas-conducting system and a plant for producing hydrogen. The plant for producing hydrogen is connected to the gas-conducting system by a hydrogen-carrying line. Also the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.

Abstract: Textile fabrics having a self cleaning and water repellent surface, constructed from A) at least one synthetic and/or natural textile base material and B) an artificial, at least partly hydrophobic surface having elevations and depressions comprising particles securely bonded to said base material A without adhesives, resins or coatings, obtained by treating said base material A with at least one solvent containing said particles in undissolved form and removing said solvent to leave at least a portion of said particles securely bonded to the surface of said base material A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self-cleaning surfaces having improved mechanical stability and a process for the production thereof. The present invention is achieved by producing self-cleaning, hydrophobic, structured surfaces having mixtures of particles, which are fixed on their surface and which comprise structure-producing particles selected from semimetal or metal oxides, silicas and metal powders, and wax particles. Structured surfaces that are structured by such mixtures of particles are distinguished by substantially higher mechanical stability of the structure and are therefore especially suitable for the production of self-cleaning surfaces, which are exposed to relatively high mechanical loads, such as, for example, the surfaces of tarpaulins, awnings, greenhouse elements, conservatories or truck tarpaulins.

Abstract: The invention relates to surfaces with hydrophilic properties and a method for producing such surfaces. Surfaces are provided with hydrophilic properties by applying a coating containing hydrophilic silicic acid by means of the inventive method. Said surfaces can be textile or polymer surfaces, metallic or wooden surfaces. The silicic acid can be permanently connected to the polymer surface or be in the form of a non-fixed coating. The inventive hydrophilic silicic acid is applied in a very simple manner by applying a suspension containing silicic acid particles in a solvent on the corresponding surface, whereupon the solvent is removed or the silicic acid particles are fixed to the surface by means of a carrier. Condensing devices of dehumidifiers, foams or sponges are examples of surfaces that can be provided with the inventive hydrophilic surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing a surfactant-free suspension including hydrophobic particles and at least 50.01% by weight of water, where hydrophobic, nanostructured particles are suspended in at least one organic solvent miscible with water and having a boiling point below 150° C., and then this concentrated organic suspension is intensively and thoroughly mixed with surfactant-free water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vapor-pervious water-impervious substrate, preferably a fibrous nonwoven web, which can be used in particular as a textile continuous sheet material, for example as an awning or as an inlet in apparel. The substrate according to the present invention may have self-cleaning properties. The substrate according to the present invention is simple to produce in an at least two-step process wherein a coating on the fibers of the substrate is produced in the first step and then hydrophobic particles are applied to the coated fibers by means of an adhesion promoter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self-cleaning surfaces having improved mechanical stability and a process for the production thereof. The present invention is achieved by producing self-cleaning, hydrophobic, structured surfaces having mixtures of particles, which are fixed on their surface and which comprise structure-producing particles selected from semimetal or metal oxides, silicas and metal powders, and wax particles. Structured surfaces that are structured by such mixtures of particles are distinguished by substantially higher mechanical stability of the structure and are therefore especially suitable for the production of self-cleaning surfaces, which are exposed to relatively high mechanical loads, such as, for example, the surfaces of tarpaulins, awnings, greenhouse elements, conservatories or truck tarpaulins.

Abstract: Textiles coated with self-cleaning surfaces which contain hydrophobic nanostructured particles protruding from a coating having hydrophilic properties are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self-cleaning surfaces having improved mechanical stability and a process for the production thereof. The present invention is achieved by producing self-cleaning, hydrophobic, structured surfaces having mixtures of particles, which are fixed on their surface and which comprise structure-producing particles selected from semimetal or metal oxides, silicas and metal powders, and wax particles. Structured surfaces that are structured by such mixtures of particles are distinguished by substantially higher mechanical stability of the structure and are therefore especially suitable for the production of self-cleaning surfaces, which are exposed to relatively high mechanical loads, such as, for example, the surfaces of tarpaulins, awnings, greenhouse elements, conservatories or truck tarpaulins.