Abstract: A charge pump has a reference stage that simulates the output stage of the paths, at least in terms of the output-side transistors of the paths. An equivalent symmetrical current is generated on a reference stage. The equivalent symmetrical current replicates the fault current and controls a device for regulating the second path.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer for a radio terminal with which a dual-band and/or dual-mode switchover is possible in a simple manner. The frequency synthesizer has a double phase-locked loop with a high-frequency portion and an intermediate-frequency portion, each with one divider and one counter in a feedback branch. There is at least one memory for holding a plurality of divider values for the counter in the intermediate-frequency portion. The counter in the high-frequency portion is coupled to the memory in such a way that when a new divider value is written into the counter of the high-frequency portion, an associated divider value from the memory is written into the counter of the intermediate-frequency portion. In this way, the frequency generated by the intermediate-frequency divider is adapted to the frequency generated in the high-frequency portion in such a way that the requisite operating frequencies of each active mobile radio system are set automatically.

Abstract: A pyrotechnical object is made by compressing a pyrotechnical mass, and introducing into the mass an ignition and combustion accelerator in the form of a propellant powder. The propellant powder could be mixed with the mass prior to compression. Alternatively, the propellant powder could be pressed into an ignition surface of the mass after the pressing. The propellant powder may comprise basic cellulose and/or nitro-cellulose.

Abstract: A pyrotechnical object is made by compressing a pyrotechnical mass, and introducing into the mass an ignition and combustion accelerator in the form of a propellant powder. The propellant powder could be mixed with the mass prior to compression. Alternatively, the propellant powder could be pressed into an ignition surface of the mass after the pressing. The propellant powder may comprise basic cellulose and/or nitro-cellulose.