Abstract: The invention relates to a solar cell with a base layer (12) having a first doping that, together with a front layer (14) having a second doping of opposite polarity, forms a boundary layer. The solar cell has at least one front contact (18) and at least one rear contact (32). A passivation layer (24) and a tunnel contact layer (26, 28) are placed between the base layer (12) and the rear contact (32).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a supported catalyst (catalyst C) having a support (support S) selected from among oxides, phosphates, silicates, carbides, borides and nitrides of main group elements and elements of transition groups VI and II and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds and an active component (activator A) comprising one or more compounds containing one or more elements of transition groups V, VI and VII customary for the catalysis of metathesis reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous metal-organic framework material for taking up at least one substance, the framework material comprising at least one at least bidentate organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion, and the framework material having at least in part pores which comprise a polymer which is suitable to adsorb the at least one substance. In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing the framework material, a method for taking up at least one substance by the framework material and also to the use of the framework material, in particular for the storage, separation, controlled release or chemical reaction of a substance taken up.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing a porous metal-organic framework comprising at least two organic compounds coordinated to at least one metal ion, the porous metal-organic frameworks prepared by the process and their use, in particular for gas storage and gas separation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to suspensions for odor reduction comprising a porous metal-organic framework material in a liquid, and also atomizer and methods for odor reduction using the suspensions. The invention likewise relates to the use of the suspensions for odor reduction.

Abstract: Process for preparing a stream consisting essentially of ethene (stream C2=), a stream consisting essentially of propene (stream C3=), a stream consisting essentially of isobutene and possibly other olefins having 4 carbon atoms (stream C4=) and a stream consisting essentially of 2-methyl-2-butene and possibly 2-butene (stream C5=), and, if appropriate, a stream which comprises other hydrocarbons (stream Cx) and may consist of a plurality of separate substreams, which comprises a metathesis step in which a C4-hydrocarbon stream comprising at least 15% by weight of 2-butenes, at least 5% by weight of isobutene and not more than 5% by weight of 1-butene (feed stream) is brought into contact with ethene in the presence of a customary metathesis catalyst and the resulting hydrocarbon stream is fractionated to give the streams C2=, C3=, C4= and, if appropriate, Cx and all or part of the stream C5= is recirculated to the metathesis step.

Abstract: Processes comprising: (a) providing a feed stream comprising a C4 compound having at least a nonaromatic C—C double bond or C—C triple bond; (b) contacting the feed stream with an adsorbent which has been activated at a temperature of 450 to 1000° C. comprising at least 3% by weight of aluminum oxide to remove one or more impurities from the feed stream; and (c) contacting the feed stream from which one or more impurities have been removed with a metathesis catalyst under metathesis reaction conditions to form a compound or a mixture of compounds having a nonaromatic C—C double bond or C—C triple bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for separating off odor substances from gases, comprising gas with at least one filter comprising a porous metal-organic framework material, the framework material comprising at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound which is bound by coordination to at least one metal ion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous metal-organic framework comprising AlIII and at least one at least bidentate compound, wherein the at least one at least bidentate organic compound is a six-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring A in which one or more ring carbons may be replaced by nitrogen and which has three substituents X and optionally one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of R, NRR?, OR, SR, F, Cl and Br, where R, R? are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, methyl which may optionally be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms or ethyl which may optionally be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms and each X is, independently of the others, C(?O)O?, C(?S)O?, C(?O)S?, C(?S)S? or a protonated form thereof. The invention further provides a process for preparing it and provides for the use of the new porous metal-organic framework.

Abstract: A C4-olefin mixture having a 1,3-butadiene content of from 100 to 500 ppm and a content of 1,2-dienes of less than 10 ppm is described. The present invention further provides a process for preparing this C4-olefin mixture and provides for its use in a metathesis reaction for preparing 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide comprising the steps of (a) contacting the gas mixture with at least one sorbent comprising a porous metal-organic framework material, the framework material taking up the carbon dioxide from the gas mixture and comprising at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinately bound to at least one metal ion, wherein the at least bidentate organic compound comprises at least one substituted or unsubstituted amino group and wherein the at last one metal ion is an ion selected from the group of metals consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, gallium, indium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, iron, copper and lanthanoids; and (b) desorbing the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Process for preparing a compound having a nonaromatic C—C double or triple bond (compound A) from another compound or a mixture of other compounds having a nonaromatic C—C double or triple bond (compound B), which comprises bringing the compound (B) into contact with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising carbides or oxycarbides of a transition element at from 50 to 500° C.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, preferably maleic anhydride, in the gas phase comprises a) 20-94% by weight of copper oxide (CuO), preferably 40-92% by weight of CuO, in particular 60-90% by weight of CuO, and b) 0.005-5% by weight, preferably 0.01-3% by weight, in particular 0.05-2% by weight, palladium and/or a palladium compound (calculated as metallic palladium) and c) 2-79.995% by weight, preferably 5-59.99% by weight, in particular 8-39.95% by weight, of an oxidic support selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Al, Si, Zn, La, Ce, the elements of groups IIIA to VIIIA and of groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: Process for producing a supported catalyst which comprises at least 75% by weight of Al2O3, whose proportion of Al2O3 in the delta or theta modification is, based on the proportion of Al2O3, at least 1% and which comprises a rhenium compound and, if appropriate, a promoter as active component (A), which comprises a) converting a customary support (S) which comprises at least 75% by weight of Al2O3 and to which a promoter may, if appropriate, have been applied is converted into a modified support (S) whose proportion of Al2O3 in the delta or theta modification is, based on the proportion of Al2O3, at least 1% by calcining the customary support (S) at a temperature of from 750 to 1100°C., b) producing a supported catalyst precursor from the modified support (S) by applying the active component (A) comprising the rhenium compound to the modified support (S) and c) calcining the supported catalyst precursor at a temperature of from 500 to 750° C.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a C5 aldehyde and propene are disclosed, the processes comprising: (a) providing a feedstream, the feedstream comprising butane, 1-butene, 2-butene and 1,3-butadiene, the 1,3-butadiene present in the feedstream in an amount up to 1000 ppm; (b) contacting the feedstream with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroformylation catalsyt to form a 2-butene-rich butane stream and a C5 aldehyde; (c) separating the 2-butene-rich butane stream and the C5 aldehyde; and (d) contacting the 2-butene-rich butane stream with ethene in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a propene-containing hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, preferably maleic anhydride, in the gas phase comprises a) 20-94% by weight of copper oxide (CuO), preferably 40-92% by weight of CuO, in particular 60-90% by weight of CuO, and b) 0.005-5% by weight, preferably 0.01-3% by weight, in particular 0.05-2% by weight, palladium and/or a palladium compound (calculated as metallic palladium) and c) 2-79.995% by weight, preferably 5-59.99% by weight, in particular 8-39.95% by weight, of an oxidic support selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Al, Si, Zn, La, Ce, the elements of groups IIIA to VIIIA and of groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of absorbing and/or storing gases, in which the gas to be stored is brought into contact with an electrochemically prepared metal-organic framework under conditions suitable for absorption of the gas, with absorption of the gas into the metal-organic framework occurring, and, if appropriate, the conditions are subsequently changed so that release of the stored gas occurs.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically preparing a crystalline, porous, metal-organic framework material comprising at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinately bound to at least one metal ion, in a reaction medium comprising the at least one bidentate organic compound, wherein at least one metal ion is provided in the reaction medium by the oxidation of one anode comprising the corresponding metal.

Abstract: Optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol is prepared from C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof by: a) a gas stream of the C4-dicarboxylic acid or the derivative thereof in a first reactor in the gas phase to obtain a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted ?-butyro-lactone; b) removing succinic anhydride from the product of step a); c) catalytically hydrogenating the product of step b) in a second reactor in the gas phase to obtain optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol; d) removing the desired product from intermediates, by-products and any unconverted reactants; and e) optionally recycling unconverted intermediates into one or both hydrogenation stages. The catalysts employed in each of the hydrogenation stages comprise ?95% by weight of CuO, and ?5% by weight of an oxidic support, and the second reactor has a higher pressure than the first reactor.

Abstract: Supported catalyst comprising a support (S) in which Al2O3 is present in a proportion of at least 75% by weight and rhenium compounds as active component (A), wherein the maximum of the distribution function of the pore diameters in the mesopore range is at from 0.008 to 0.050 ?m.