Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active hydroxy-, alkoxy-, amino-, alkyl-, aryl- or chlorine-substituted alcohols or hydroxy carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms or their acid derivatives or cyclization products by hydrogenating the correspondingly substituted optically active mono- or dicarboxylic acids or their acid derivatives in the presence of a catalyst whose active component consists of rhenium or of rhenium and comprises at least one further element having an atomic number of from 22 to 83, with the provisos that a. the at least one further element having an atomic number of from 22 to 83 is not ruthenium and b.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating carbonyl compounds, in particular C4-dicarboxylic acids to mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone, over supported rhenium catalysts, wherein rhenium and at least one further metal of groups VIII or Ib of the Periodic Table of the Elements, in particular ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) or cobalt (Co), is applied to the support in the form of at least one bimetallic precursor compound, and also to these catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of 1,7 octadiene by reacting metathesis of cyclohexene with ethylene. The invention also relates to the production of 1,10-decandiol by hydroformulating 1,7 octadiene produced according to said method. The invention further relates to a method for the production of muscone or olefinically unsaturated analogs thereof using 1,10 decandiol which is obtainable in said manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 2 to 60 bar into a first reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted ?-butyrolactone; b) converting the product stream into the liquid phase; c) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor at a temperature of from 100° C. to 240° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 10 to 100 bar into a first reactor or into a first reaction zone of a reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it in the gas phase to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted ?-butyrolactone; b) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor or into a second reaction zone of a reactor at a temperature of from 140° C. to 260° C.

Abstract: Method of regenerating an Re2O7-doped supported catalyst which has been deactivated by use in the metathesis of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising C2-C6-olefins (C2-6= feed) (deactivated catalyst), which comprises treating the deactivated catalyst with an inert gas (regeneration gas K1) at from 400 to 800° C. and subsequently treating the deactivated catalyst which has been pretreated with regeneration gas K1 with an oxygen-containing gas (regeneration gas K2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 2 to 60 bar into a first reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it in the gas phase to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted ?-butyrolactone; b) removing succinic anhydride from the product obtained in step a), preferably to a residual level of from <about 0.3 to 0.2% by weight; c) introducing the product stream obtained in step b) into a second reactor at a temperature of from 150° C. to 240° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a retina implant for the functional electrostimulation of a retina as a function of incident light. The retina implant has a stimulation chip that is designed to be implanted in the area of the retina of an eye. It further includes a radiation receiver that provides energy for the stimulation chip as a function of invisible radiation that occurs. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the radiation receiver is designed so as to be implanted in the area of the eye in a fashion spatially separated from the stimulation chip. The stimulation chip also has decoupling means in order to separate invisible scattered radiation from impinging visible light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating carbonyl compounds, in particular C4-dicarboxylic acids to mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone, over supported rhenium catalysts, wherein rhenium and at least one further metal of groups VIII or Ib of the Periodic Table of the Elements, in particular ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) or cobalt (Co), is applied to the support in the form of at least one bimetallic precursor compound, and also to these catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst containing from 0.1 to 20 mass % rhenium and 0.05 to 10 mass % platinum in relation to the total mass thereof. The inventive method for producing a support for said catalyst consists in a) treating a support which can be eventually pre-treated with the aid of a solution of rhenium compound, b) drying and annealing said support at a temperature ranging from 80 to 600° C., and c) impregnating the support with a solution of platinum compound and in drying it. The inventive method for producing alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compound on said catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 2 to 60 bar into a first reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted 7-butyrolactone; b) converting the product stream into the liquid phase; c) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor at a temperature of from 100° C. to 240° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 10 to 100 bar into a first reactor or into a first reaction zone of a reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it in the gas phase to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted y-butyrolactone; b) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor or into a second reaction zone of a reactor at a temperature of from 140° C to 260° C.

Abstract: A retina implant including a chip adapted to be implanted into the interior of eye in subretinal contact with the retina. The chip has a plurality of pixel elements on a side thereof facing the lens for receiving an image projected into the retina and a plurality of electrodes for stimulating retina cells. The implants further includes a receiver coil for inductively coupling thereinto electromagnetic energy. The receiver coil coupled to a means for converting an alternating voltage induced into the receiver coil in a direct voltage suited for supplying the chip. The receiver coil is configured as a component separate from the chip, and for being positioned on the eye ball outside the sclera. The chip is connected to the receiver coil via a connecting lead which, in the implanted condition interconnects the interior and the exterior of the eye ball.

Abstract: Process for preparing a supported catalyst (catalyst C) comprising a support (support S) and an active component (activator A), wherein

Abstract: Process for preparing a compound having a nonaromatic C—C double or triple bond (compound A) from another compound or a mixture of other compounds having a nonaromatic C—C double or triple bond (compound B), which comprises bringing the compound (B) into contact with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising carbides or oxycarbides of a transition element at from 50 to 500° C.

Abstract: A retina implant, comprises a surface and a plurality of pixel elements disposed on the surface for receiving and converting incoming light energy into electric energy. At least one amplifier is provided in the implant, and a plurality of stimulation electrodes supplied via the at least one amplifier as a function of signals received by the pixel elements. At least one light-sensitive reference element is coupled with the at least one amplifier for controlling amplification thereof as a function of light energy impinging on the at least one reference element.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, preferably maleic anhydride, in the gas phase comprises

Abstract: Method for influencing relevant quality parameters of a rolling strip, particularly the profile or flatness of the rolling strip, in a roll stand with rolls, by adjusting the crownings of the rolls, i.e., the surface geometry of the rolls in the longitudinal direction of the rolls, wherein the crowning of the rolls is adjusted by an adjustable cooling of the rolls or of their surfaces in longitudinal direction of the rolls. The cooling of the rolls is adjusted by a controller (1) as a function of the actual value (pactual) of the crowning and a predetermined setpoint value (psetpoint) of the crowning.

Abstract: A retina implant to be implanted into an eye having an eye ball with an exterior and an interior, a sclera, a lens, and a retina is disclosed. The implant comprises a chip adapted to be implanted into the interior of the eye in contact with the retina. The chip, when in an implanted condition, has a plurality of pixel elements on a side thereof facing the lens for receiving an image projected onto the retina. The chip, further, comprises a plurality of electrodes for stimulating retina cells. The electrodes are located on the side of the chip having the pixel elements thereon, such that the chip is adapted to be implanted into a subretinal space of the eye. The implant, further, comprises a receiver coil for inductively coupling thereinto electromagnetic energy. The receiver coil is coupled to a means for converting an alternating voltage induced into the receiver coil in a direct voltage suited for supplying the chip.

Abstract: A retina implant, comprises a surface and a plurality of pixel elements disposed on the surface for receiving and converting incoming light energy into electric energy. At least one amplifier is provided in the implant, and a plurality of stimulation electrodes supplied via the at least one amplifier as a function of signals received by the pixel elements. At least one light-sensitive reference element is coupled with the at least one amplifier for controlling amplification thereof as a function of light energy impinging on the at least one reference element.