Abstract: A spectral filtration system comprising a non-imaging optic having entry and exit faces, the exit face being tilted relative to the entry face, and a filter positioned so as to receive light from, or transmit light to, a face of the non-imaging optic.

Abstract: The invention provides the novel compound 4,4,4-trichlorobutyl methanesufonate, useful as an intermediate in the production of certain agricultural pesticides, and a process for its manufacture.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 R(I)where X represents chloro or bromo and R represents hydrogen or alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, processes for preparing them and their use as intermediates in the preparation of insecticidal cyclopropane derivatives. Also provided are novel compounds of formula:BrCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 R(IV)wherein R represents alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, useful as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,6-dichloropyrimidine comprising treating 4,6-dihydroxy-pyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a suitable base and optionally in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4,4,4-trichlorobutyl acetate comprising reacting allyl acetate with chloroform in the presence of a radical initiator, characterized by the incremental addition of the allyl acetate to the chloroform.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 R(I)where X represents chloro or bromo and R represents hydrogen or alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, processes for preparing them and their use as intermediates in the preparation of insecticidal cyclopropane derivatives. Also provided are novel compounds of formula:BrCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 R(IV)wherein R represents alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, useful as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: A fused fiber optic 1.times.4 or 2.times.4 coupler in which four optical fiber segments (A, B, C, D) extend longitudinally beside each other in a coupling region in which the fiber segments are at least partially fused together to form an assembly exhibiting a close packed cross section in which the fiber cores (11) are centered substantially at the corners of a four sided polygon having a pair of opposite internal acute angles substantially less than 90.degree..

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of a lower alkyl ester of 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid which comprises the steps of(a) reacting a compound of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH(OH)--CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (I)wherein X is chloro or bromo, with a tri-lower-alkyl orthoacetate containing up to four carbon atoms in each alkyl groups in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst at an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to obtain a compound of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH.dbd.CH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R (III)wherein R is an alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms, and(b) treating said compound of formula (III) with at least one molar equivalent of a base to obtain said alkyl ester of 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid. The products are useful as intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process for the preparation of a lower alkyl ester of 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid in which the corresponding lower alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid selected from 6-bromo-6-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-7,7,7-trifluorohept-2-enoic acid and 6,6-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl-7,7,7-trifluorohept-2-enoic acid is treated with an alkali metal lower alkoxylate in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under conditions under which the lower alcohol of the alkoxylate is removed from the reaction mixture by distillation with the aromatic solvent. The products are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of pyrethroid insecticides.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module capable of being oriented by hand with respect to the sun including an electrically activated liquid crystal display device for generating a visual informational display which indicates at least the power generating effectiveness of the module for its instantaneous orientation with respect to the sun, and an array of photovoltaic cells for generating a first power output for a load and a second power output for activating the liquid crystal display device and a third power output signal for the liquid crystal display device indicating the power generating effectiveness of the module.

Abstract: A border treatment is supplied to an image which is to be processed by using an algorithm operation on a neighborhood surrounding each image pixel of the image. The border provides a high frequency high contrast area which appears to the image processing system as an undesirable area and which is eliminated thereby allowing an uninfluenced treatment of each of the pixels in an image including the pixels at the edges of an image. Any neighborhood influence resulting from border pixels near the edge of the image is eliminated because these border pixels appear as noise which is eliminated. The appearance of noise is due to the high frequency alternation of contrasting areas which are processed as noise and thereby eliminated.

Abstract: A light integrator in a first aspect, comprises:an elongated tapered solid core having first and second ends and an elongated surface therebetween, down which a decreasing total proportion of light can propagate by total internal reflection at the elongated surface;a layer of reflective material positioned adjacent at least a portion of the elongated surface, which reflective layer is of a first material having sufficient porosity, with pores which are vacant or contain a second material having an index of refraction lower than that of the core, such that the layer reduces total internal reflection in the core less than it would be reduced using a non-porous layer of the same dimensions of only the first material; andfirst and second light ports defined by regions of the core not covered by the reflective material, positioned such that light can pass through the first port, propagate down the core by total internal reflection at the elongated surface, while an increasing total proportion passes through the el

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of a lower alkyl ester of 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid which comprises the steps of(a) reacting a compound of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH(OH)--CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (I)wherein X is chloro or bromo, with a tri-lower-alkyl orthoacetate containing up to four carbon atoms in each alkyl groups in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst at an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to obtain a compound of formula:CF.sub.3 --CXCl--CH.dbd.CH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R(III)wherein R is an alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms, and(b) treating said compound of formula (III) with at least one molar equivalent of a base to obtain said alkyl ester of 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid. The products are useful as intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: Intermediates of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3 ; processes for preparing them and their use as chemical intermediates, especially for preparing fungicidal acrylic ester derivatives.

Abstract: A coating applicator for applying a layer of coating material around the circumference of a portion of an elongated shaft, such as a bolt. The applicator includes a chamber which is filled with coating material and has an opening for receiving the elongated member. The opening in the chamber has a cross-sectional dimension just slightly larger than the elongated member. A cover arranged within the chamber in sealing contact with the opening prevents leakage of coating material. This cover is retractable upon insertion of the elongated member into the chamber. Coating material then totally surrounds and coats the entire circumference of a limited longitudinal portion of the elongated member. The coated elongated member is subsequently removed from the chamber. As the elongated member is removed, the inner walls of the chamber which define the opening serve to remove excess coating material from the member and to smooth the layer of coating material.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel 3-(5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)pyrazoles exhibiting utility as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antifungal agents, making the compounds useful particularly in veterinary medicine, especially in controlling bacterial and protozoal infections of cattle, swine, and poultry. The compounds are also active as growth promoters in chickens.

Abstract: 2-Nitroimidazolyl-4-thiomorpholinoiminoalkyl thiazoles are useful as anti-parasitic agents, being active against Trypanosomidae, and may be prepared by reaction of novel 2-nitroimidazolyl-4-acylthiazoles with an N-aminothiomorpholine.

Abstract: 2-Nitroimidazolyl-4-thiomorpholinoiminoalkyl thiazoles are useful as anti-parasitic agents, being active against Trypanosomidae, and may be prepared by reaction of novel 2-nitroimidazolyl-4-acylthiazoles with an N-aminothiomorpholine.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel 3-(5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-pyrazoles exhibiting utility as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antifungal agents, making the compounds useful particularly in veterinary medicine, especially in controlling bacterial and protozoal infections of cattle, swine, and poultry. The compounds are also active as growth promoters in chickens.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel 3-(5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-pyrazoles exhibiting utility as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antifungal agents, making the compounds useful particularly in veterinary medicine, especially in controlling bacterial and protozoal infections of poultry and swine. The compounds are also active as growth promoters in chickens.