Abstract: A method of using a Smac mimetic and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: A filter element having a longitudinally extending core and a wrapper (8) engaged around the core, wherein the core comprise filtration material (6) and optionally a particulate material (7) interspersed in the filtration material, and the wrapper (8) comprises a particulate material (9) adhered to two or more portions of said wrapper (8) wherein at least one of said two or more portions extends over the full longitudinal length of said wrapper. Also taught herein is a smoking article comprising said filter element and/or filter comprising said filter element.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises the reaction product of an alkoxide or condensed alkoxide of a metal M, selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminum, or a lanthanide, an alcohol containing at least two hydroxyl groups, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a base, wherein the molar ratio of base to 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid is in the range 0.01-0.79:1. The composition is useful as a catalyst for esterification reactions, especially for the production of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

Abstract: The catalyst of the invention is a particulate catalyst in the form of particles having a minimum dimension of at least 0.8 mm, including a transition metal or a compound thereof dispersed on a porous support material, characterised in that said catalyst particles comprise at least 35% w/w total transition metal; and the transition metal surface area of said catalyst is at least 110 m2 per gram of transition metal and the tapped bulk density of a bed of the catalyst particles is at least 0.7 g/ml. The method of making a catalyst includes multiple steps of impregnation of a porous support with a metal ammine solution followed by drying, calcination and reduction of the dried material. The catalyst is useful in hydrogenation reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises the reaction product of an alkoxide or condensed alkoxide of a metal M, selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminium, or a lanthanide, an alcohol containing at least two hydroxyl groups, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a base, wherein the molar ratio of base to 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid is in the range 0.01-0.79:1. The composition is useful as a catalyst for esterification reactions, especially for the production of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises the reaction product of an alkoxide or condensed alkoxide of a metal M, selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminum, or a lanthanide, an alcohol containing at least two hydroxyl groups, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a base, wherein the ratio of equivalents of base to —COOH acid equivalents of said 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid is in the range 0.0033-0.2:1. The composition is useful as a catalyst for esterification reactions, especially for the production of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

Abstract: Filter for a smoking product (1), comprising a first filter segment (2) and a second filter segment (3), wherein the first filter segment (2) comprises a component that is given off into a smoke stream passing through a filter outlet opening (4), and the second filter segment (3) comprises a sorption means (6) that absorbs a component from a smoke stream passing through the filter inlet opening (5).

Abstract: A catalyst composition for producing polyesters comprises: a) an organometallic compound obtained by reacting an orthoester or condensed orthoester of titanium, zirconium or aluminum, an alcohol containing at least two hydroxyl groups, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a base; and b) at least one compound comprising germanium, antimony or tin. Polyesters obtained by esterification reaction in the presence of the catalyst compositions according to the present invention exhibit improved melt properties and are particularly suitable for production of textile and commercial fibers, films and rigid packaging.

Abstract: A filter for a smoking article comprising first and second sections, the first section being at the mouth end of the filter and comprising a cylindrical element circumscribed by a wrapper and having a hollow portion extending therethrough, and the second section being longitudinally aligned with and adjacent to the first section and comprising a filtration material. The second section comprises a particulate material in a circumferential region and extending to the end of the second section immediately adjacent the first section. Also provided is a smoking article incorporating a filter according to the invention.

Abstract: A filter element having a longitudinally extending core and a wrapper (8) engaged around the core, wherein the core comprise filtration material (6) and optionally a particulate material (7) interspersed in the filtration material, and the wrapper (8) comprises a particulate material (9) adhered to two or more portions of said wrapper (8) wherein at least one of said two or more portions extends over the full longitudinal length of said wrapper. Also taught herein is a smoking article comprising said filter element and/or filter comprising said filter element.

Abstract: A circuit for providing surge protection for a capacitor which is used to attenuate high-frequency components in an AC power signal is disclosed. A varistor is coupled between the gate and anode of a TRIAC in one embodiment.

Abstract: A circuit and method for measuring pollution on an AC power line is described. After attenuation of the AC power signal, the remaining signal is differentiated, rectified and smoothed to provide a DC signal representative of the pollution which can be viewed on an ordinary meter.

Abstract: Concentrations of positive and negative ions that are generated in the ambient air at a selected location are controlled in time-varying manner. Apparatus for generating air ions includes controllable high voltage sources and electrodes connected to the sources adapted to generate positive ions and negative ions in ambient air near the electrodes. Control circuitry is coupled to the high voltage sources to control the voltage levels at the electrodes for altering the quantities of positive ions and/or negative ions that are generated in time-varying manner within the ambient air about the electrodes. The control circuitry may control the voltage sources to generate a simulated ion signature of variations in ion concentrations as detected at a selected geographic location.

Abstract: Concentrations of positive and negative ions that are generated in the ambient air at a selected location are controlled in time-varying manner. Apparatus for generating air ions includes controllable high voltage sources and electrodes connected to the sources adapted to generate positive ions and negative ions in ambient air near the electrodes. Control circuitry is coupled to the high voltage sources to control the voltage levels at the electrodes for altering the quantities of positive ions and/or negative ions that are generated in time-varying manner within the ambient air about the electrodes. The control circuitry may control the voltage sources to generate a simulated ion signature of variations in ion concentrations as detected at a selected geographic location.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for producing polyesters comprises: a) an organometallic compound obtained by reacting an orthoester or condensed orthoester of titanium, zirconium or aluminum, an alcohol containing at least two hydroxyl groups, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a base; and b) at least one compound comprising germanium, antimony or tin. Polyesters obtained by esterification reaction in the presence of the catalyst compositions according to the present invention exhibit improved melt properties and are particularly suitable for production of textile and commercial fibers, films and rigid packaging.

Abstract: A stall detection method and system for a stepper motor ascertains a stalled condition according to current rise time of the windings. The motor is determined to be in a normal running condition when current rise time of opposed windings is substantially constant, including monotonic increases and monotonic decreases, in cycles of the rotor. The motor is determined to be in a stalled condition when the current rise time of opposed windings has a relative short-long pattern.

Abstract: A stall detection method and system for a stepper motor ascertains a stalled condition according to current rise time of the windings. The motor is determined to be in a normal running condition when current rise time of opposed windings is substantially constant, including monotonic increases and monotonic decreases, in cycles of the rotor. The motor is determined to be in a stalled condition when the current rise time of opposed windings has a relative short-long pattern.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus by which a coarse estimate of radar signal polarisation can be obtained. An array comprises at least three differently directed detectors. The polarisation is estimated by measuring an amplitude relationship, such as a ratio of amplitudes, for two adjacent detectors and for two non-adjacent detectors. This provides sufficient information to obtain a coarse estimate of the polarisation state, obtainable by using the value of the amplitude relationship for the two adjacent detectors together with a look-up table to estimate values of the amplitude relationship for the two non-adjacent detectors for different polarisation states, and then comparing the measured and estimated values for this amplitude relationship.

Abstract: A filter for a smoking article incorporating particles coated with platinum selectively reduces the amount of volatiles of mainstream smoking article smoke passing through the filter. The platinum may be a continuous or discontinuous coating, usually on a coating of another metal, and this coating(s) will usually encapsulate the particle substrate. This substrate may be low activity activated carbon.

Abstract: Methods and apparatae for metering energy consumption in a mass transfer heat delivery system using acoustic signals. A first type of method uses the phase difference between two simultaneously generated acoustic signals to determine the flow rate of liquid through a station of the heat delivery system. A first transducer and second transducers are used to transmit the first and second acoustic signals, respectively, through the liquid in response to an applied drive signal. The drive signal is removed from the first and second transducers such that the first and second transducers may be used to detect the arrival of the second and first acoustic signals, respectively. A phase detector measures the phase difference between the two acoustic signals as detected by the first and second transducers. A second type of method uses time lag analysis. A first transducer is used to transmit an acoustic signal through the liquid towards a second transducer in response to an applied drive signal.