Abstract: A method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the present invention includes a cracking and reforming reaction step of obtaining a product containing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms by bringing a feedstock oil having a 10 volume % distillate temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 volume % distillate temperature of 390° C. or lower and a saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms into contact with a catalyst for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing crystalline aluminosilicate, which is loaded into a fixed-bed reactor, and reacting the feedstock oil and the saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical property such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, suitable elastic constant and compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. A liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition is also provided. The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1) in which R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, rings A1, A3 and A4 are independently 1,4-phenylene, ring A2 is a divalent group represented by any one of formulas (Ch), (Cx) and (ch), Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond, X1 is fluorine, L1 and L2 are fluorine, a, b and c are independently 0 or 1, and a sum of a, b and c is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A method of producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes bringing a feedstock oil having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 vol % distillation temperature of 380° C. or lower, into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, in which a content ratio of monocyclic naphthenobenzenes in the feedstock oil is adjusted to 10 mass % to 90 mass %, by mixing a hydrocarbon oil A having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 vol % distillation temperature of 380° C. or lower with a hydrocarbon oil B containing more monocyclic naphthenobenzenes than the hydrocarbon oil A.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one physical property such as high stability to light, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of a liquid-crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a large dielectric constant in a minor axis direction, a suitable elastic constant, excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. The compound is represented by formula (1-1): for example, R is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons, rings A1 to A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen; X is halogen, —CF3 or —OCF3; l is 1, and m, n is 0 or 1; W1 is a group represented by formula (1a) or (1b); W2 is a group represented by formula (1c) or (1d); Y1 to Y2 are hydrogen, Y3 to Y5 and L1 to L5 are fluorine.

Abstract: The present method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is a method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms. This method includes a cracking and reforming reaction step of bringing oil feedstock into contact with a catalyst to cause a reaction and obtain a product containing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms and a heavy fraction having 9 or more carbon atoms, a purification and recovery step of purifying and recovering the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms separated from the product formed by the cracking and reforming reaction step, and a first returning step of returning at least a portion of toluene obtained by the purification and recovery step to the cracking and reforming reaction step.

Abstract: A problem is to provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one physical property such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1). R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, rings A1, A3 and A4 are independently 1,4-phenylene, ring A2 is a divalent group represented by any one of formulas (Ch), (Cx) and (ch). Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond, X1 is fluorine, L1 and L2 are fluorine, a, b and c are independently 0 or 1, and a sum of a, b and c is 0 or 1, for example.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, by which a feedstock containing a hydrogenation-treated oil of a thermally cracked heavy oil obtainable from an ethylene production apparatus is brought into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, and thereby aromatic hydrocarbons are produced. A raw material having an end point of the distillation characteristics of 400° C. or lower is used as the feedstock. The contact between the feedstock and the catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production is carried out at a pressure of 0.1 MPaG to 1.5 MPaG.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; at least one of L1 and L2 is fluorine and the remainder is hydrogen; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond, —(CH2)2—, —CH2O— or —COO—; x and y are an integer from 0 to 10; and l, m and n are 0 or 1.

Abstract: In the production method of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oil feedstock having a 10 volume % distillation temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 volume % distillation temperature of 380° C. or lower is brought into contact with a catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that includes a mixture containing a first catalyst which contains crystalline aluminosilicate containing gallium and/or zinc and phosphorus and a second catalyst which contains crystalline aluminosilicate containing phosphorus.

Abstract: A method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes a cracking reforming reaction step of bringing an oil feedstock into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, and causing the oil feedstock to react, thereby obtaining a product containing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, a hydrogenation reaction step of hydrogenating a product produced in the cracking reforming reaction step, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon recovery step of recovering monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms separated from a hydrogenation product obtained in the hydrogenation reaction step and a recycling step of returning a heavy fraction having 9 or more carbon atoms separated from the hydrogenation product obtained in the hydrogenation reaction step to the cracking reforming reaction step.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, the method including a cracking reforming reaction step of bringing feedstock oil into contact with a catalyst to effect a reaction; a step of purifying and recovering monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons separated from the reaction step; and (1) a step of hydrogenating a heavy fraction separated from the reaction step; a dilution step of returning a portion of the hydrogenation product as a diluent oil to the hydrogenation step; and a step of returning the hydrogenation product to the reaction step; or (2) a step of adding a diluent to the heavy fraction separated from the reaction step; a step of hydrogenating the mixture; and a step of returning the hydrogenation product to the reaction step.

Abstract: The characteristics of a semiconductor laser are improved. In a semiconductor laser having an n type cladding layer, an active layer, and a p type cladding layer, a current block layer is provided. For example, the current block layer is arranged partially between the p type cladding layer and the active layer, and in the overlapping region of the p type cladding layer and the active layer. Thus, in a current narrowing region of the overlapping region of the p type cladding layer and the active layer, the current block layer is arranged, thereby to suppress the current injected into a part of the active layer. This results in the formation of a saturable absorbing region, which causes a difference in intensity of the optical output of the semiconductor laser. This can implement self-pulsation.

Abstract: A polymerizable compound having high polymerization reactivity, a high conversion ratio and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, a polymerizable composition containing the compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the composition and a liquid crystal display device having the composite are shown. The polymerizable compound has three or four rings in a serial arrangement and not being mutually condensed, and has three or more polymerizable groups among which at least one is bonded with a ring which is not an either terminal of the three or four rings. The polymerizable composition contains the above polymerizable compound and a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composite is prepared from the above polymerizable composition, and the liquid crystal display device has the liquid crystal composite.

Abstract: Provided is a gasket for an automobile fuel tank that is attached to a connection part in which a fuel supply pipe is connected to an automobile fuel tank and can suppress permeation of gasoline more effectively. Along an inner periphery or an outer periphery of an O-ring 2 made of nitrile-butadiene rubber, a cross-sectionally rectangular annular member 3 made of polytetrafluoroethylene is arranged in close contact with the O-ring 2, and the O-ring 2 is protruded in thickness direction relative to the upper and lower surfaces in the thickness direction of the annual member 3 by allowing a thickness of the O-ring 2 to be larger than the thickness of the annular member 3.

Abstract: A polymerizable compound has a high polymerizability, a high conversion ratio and a high solubility in a liquid crystal composition. A polymerizable composition contains the compound. A liquid crystal composite is prepared from the composition. A liquid crystal display device includes the liquid crystal composite. The polymerizable compound is formed in which the polymerizable compound has at least two polymerizable groups in which at least one polymerizable group is acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy, and at least one remaining polymerizable group is a polymerizable group selected from the group of groups represented by formulas (P-1), (P-2) and (P-3). In formulas (P-1) to (P-3), R1 to R8 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of a liquid-crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid-crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A compound is represented by formula (1-1). For example, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkenyl having 3 to 10 carbons and alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons; ring A1 is 1,4-cyclohexylene; ring A2 and ring A3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 is a single bond or —(CH2)2; l is 0 or 1, m and n are 0, 1 or 2, a sum: l+m+n is 0, 1 or 2; x is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon includes a cracking and reforming reaction step in which a catalyst for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing crystalline aluminosilicate which has been subjected to a heat treatment in an atmosphere containing water vapor in advance is loaded into a fixed-bed reactor, and a feedstock oil having a 10 volume % distillate temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 volume % distillate temperature of 390° C. or lower is brought into contact with the catalyst to cause a reaction, so as to obtain a product containing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes a step of introducing a feedstock oil into a cracking/reforming reactor, bringing the feedstock oil into contact with a catalyst, and causing the feedstock oil to react, a step of purifying and recovering the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons separated from the product produced in the reaction step, a step of hydrogenating a heavy fraction separated from the product, and a recycling step of returning a hydrogenation reactant of the heavy fraction to the cracking/reforming reaction step. In the recycling step, the hydrogenation reactant is introduced at a location different from an introduction location of the feedstock oil into the reactor so that a time during which the hydrogenation reactant is in contact with the catalyst in the reactor becomes shorter than a time during which the feedstock oil is in contact with the catalyst in the reactor.

Abstract: A fuel vapor processing apparatus may include a case defining therein a first adsorption chamber, a second adsorption chamber and a non-adsorption chamber communicating between the first adsorption chamber and the second adsorption chamber. The cross sectional flow area of the first adsorption chamber may be smaller than the cross sectional flow area of the second adsorption chamber.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one physical property such as high stability to light, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of a liquid-crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a large dielectric constant in a minor axis direction, a suitable elastic constant, excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. The compound is represented by formula (1-1): for example, R is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons, rings A1 to A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen; X is halogen, —CF3 or —OCF3; l is 1, and m, n is 0 or 1; W1 is a group represented by formula (1a) or (1b); W2 is a group represented by formula (1c) or (1d); Y1 to Y2 are hydrogen, Y3 to Y5 and L1 to L5 are fluorine.