Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotary scale to be fixed to a rotating shaft of a rotating member includes a first step of forming, on a scale substrate, a scale pattern and a mark indicating an outer shape of the rotating shaft positioned such that a center axis of the rotating shaft coincides with a center axis of the scale pattern, a second step of cutting a first area of the scale substrate including the mark and having a first width, and a third step of cutting a second area including the mark that remains after the cutting of the first area, having a length in a circumferential direction of the scale substrate shorter than that in the first area and having a second width narrower than the first width.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotary scale to be fixed to a rotating shaft of a rotating member includes a first step of forming, on a scale substrate, a scale pattern and a mark indicating an outer shape of the rotating shaft positioned such that a center axis of the rotating shaft coincides with a center axis of the scale pattern, a second step of cutting a first area of the scale substrate including the mark and having a first width, and a third step of cutting a second area including the mark that remains after the cutting of the first area, having a length in a circumferential direction of the scale substrate shorter than that in the first area and having a second width narrower than the first width.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotary scale to be fixed to a rotating shaft of a rotating member includes a first step of forming, on a scale substrate, a scale pattern and a mark indicating an outer shape of the rotating shaft positioned such that a center axis of the rotating shaft coincides with a center axis of the scale pattern, a second step of cutting a first area of the scale substrate including the mark and having a first width, and a third step of cutting a second area including the mark that remains after the cutting of the first area, having a length in a circumferential direction of the scale substrate shorter than that in the first area and having a second width narrower than the first width.

Abstract: An encoder (100) includes a cylindrical body (10), a sensor unit (7) configured to detect a displacement of the cylindrical body (10) in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical body (10), and a scale (2) that is attached to the cylindrical body (10) using a holder (12) and a holder (13) and that has a signal detection effective region (14) used to detect the displacement by the sensor unit (7), and a region (17) that has a stiffness smaller than a stiffness of the signal detection effective region (14) in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body (10) is provided on an outside of the signal detection effective region (14) and on at least one side of the first holder (12) and the second holder (13).

Abstract: A velocity detection apparatus detects a position of a moving object at a first timing and a second timing to detect a velocity of the moving object based on a difference between the first timing and the second timing. The first timing is a timing at which an identifiable mark position of the moving object is detected by a first detector and the second timing is a timing at which the mark position is detected by a second detector. The velocity detection apparatus includes a light source and first and second detectors which detects the mark position based on light obtained by illuminating the moving object using the light source. A vertical projection position of the light source onto a plane which is parallel to a main surface of the first or second detector is located between vertical projection positions of the first and the second detector onto the plane.

Abstract: An encoder (100) includes a cylindrical body (10), a sensor unit (7) configured to detect a displacement of the cylindrical body (10) in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical body (10), and a scale (2) that is attached to the cylindrical body (10) using a holder (12) and a holder (13) and that has a signal detection effective region (14) used to detect the displacement by the sensor unit (7), and a region (17) that has a stiffness smaller than a stiffness of the signal detection effective region (14) in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body (10) is provided on an outside of the signal detection effective region (14) and on at least one side of the first holder (12) and the second holder (13).

Abstract: A displacement detection apparatus includes a scale 115 on which marks are disposed, first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112 detecting positions of the marks 110, and a processor 409 performing a calculation processing of an output signal from each of the first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112. The first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112 are disposed at a distance L from each other to be movable relative to the scale 115. The processor 409 calculates a correction value P? of a mark pitch P of the marks 110 using the distance L, a first time TPK required for K marks of the marks 110 to pass a detection position, and a second time TL required for a specific mark of the marks 110, which are measured at the same time of the first time TPK, to move the distance L.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary encoder, including: a rotary scale, which has a predetermined pattern including continuous patterns and a rotational angle original point formed thereon with reference to a pattern center, has a polygonal outer shape, and has the rotational angle original point defined with reference to at least one side of sides of the polygonal outer shape; a hub, which includes projections for abutting the sides of the polygonal outer shape of the rotary scale and positioning the rotary scale; a rotating shaft, which is press-fitted into the hub and rotates coaxially with the pattern center of the rotary scale; and detecting units for irradiating the rotary scale with light and detecting the light reflected by the rotary scale.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a light source 10, a scale 20 disposed so as to face the light source, a light receiving element 31 configured to receive luminous flux from the light source through the scale, and a signal processing circuit 39 configured to process an output signal of the light receiving element. A light emitting window 11 of the light source is constituted of a collection of a plurality of point light sources and has a shape which meets a predetermined expression.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary encoder, including: a rotary scale, which has a predetermined pattern including continuous patterns and a rotational angle original point formed thereon with reference to a pattern center, has a polygonal outer shape, and has the rotational angle original point defined with reference to at least one side of sides of the polygonal outer shape; a hub, which includes projections for abutting the sides of the polygonal outer shape of the rotary scale and positioning the rotary scale; a rotating shaft, which is press-fitted into the hub and rotates coaxially with the pattern center of the rotary scale; and detecting units for irradiating the rotary scale with light and detecting the light reflected by the rotary scale.

Abstract: A displacement detection apparatus includes a scale 115 on which marks are disposed, first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112 detecting positions of the marks 110, and a processor 409 performing a calculation processing of an output signal from each of the first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112. The first and second position detection sensors 111 and 112 are disposed at a distance L from each other to be movable relative to the scale 115. The processor 409 calculates a correction value P? of a mark pitch P of the marks 110 using the distance L, a first time TPK required for K marks of the marks 110 to pass a detection position, and a second time TL required for a specific mark of the marks 110, which are measured at the same time of the first time TPK, to move the distance L.

Abstract: A velocity detection apparatus detects a position of a moving object at a first timing and a second timing to detect a velocity of the moving object based on a difference between the first timing and the second timing. The first timing is a timing at which an identifiable mark position of the moving object is detected by a first detector and the second timing is a timing at which the mark position is detected by a second detector. The velocity detection apparatus includes a light source and first and second detectors which detects the mark position based on light obtained by illuminating the moving object using the light source. A vertical projection position of the light source onto a plane which is parallel to a main surface of the first or second detector is located between vertical projection positions of the first and the second detector onto the plane.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a light source 10, a scale 20 disposed so as to face the light source, a light receiving element 31 configured to receive luminous flux from the light source through the scale, and a signal processing circuit 39 configured to process an output signal of the light receiving element. A light emitting window 11 of the light source is constituted of a collection of a plurality of point light sources and has a shape which meets a predetermined expression.

Abstract: The measurement apparatus is capable of performing measurement of a relative displacement amount or a relative displacement speed between the apparatus and a measuring object (20). The apparatus includes a light source (10) emitting a divergent light flux with coherency, and a light-receiving element (31) converting reflection optical images (SP) formed by the divergent light flux into electrical signals. A light-emitting surface of the light source and a light-receiving surface of the light-receiving element are disposed on a same plane (C), and the apparatus projects the divergent light flux onto the measuring object without using an optical surface. A condition of tan(?/2)>D/(2·L) is satisfied where ? represents a light distribution angle range of the light source, D represents a distance between centers of a light-emitting area and a light-receiving area, and L represents a distance between the light source and the measuring object.

Abstract: An optical encoder equipped with an origin detection apparatus has a scale provided with an optical grating, a plurality of light receiving elements that is provided in association with the pitch of the optical grating and movable relative to the scale and a light source that illuminates the light receiving elements with light through the scale. An optically discontinuous portion is provided in the optical grating of the scale, a change of a light beam that occurs over a certain length of section at the time when a light beam corresponding to the discontinuous portion is incident on the light receiving elements, a change occurring in that section is detected, calculation is performed, and an origin position is detected from the result of the calculation.

Abstract: A reflective sensor is disclosed which prevents divergent light from a light source from being totally reflected by an interface between the package and the outside thereof and entering a light-receiving element without using a light-shield means and which allows an improved S/N ratio and reduced variations in performance. The reflective sensor includes a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element which are provided on a surface, and a light-transmissive member which covers the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element. The light-receiving element includes a light-receiving region which is spaced from the light-emitting element along the surface, and which light-receiving region is closer to the light-emitting element than an area on the surface that would be illuminated by unimpeded light rays which are totally reflected by an interface between the light-transmissive member and the outside thereof and are directed toward the light-receiving element.

Abstract: An optical encoder equipped with an origin detection apparatus has a scale provided with an optical grating, a plurality of light receiving elements that is provided in association with the pitch of the optical grating and movable relative to the scale and a light source that illuminates the light receiving elements with light through the scale. An optically discontinuous portion is provided in the optical grating of the scale, a change of a light beam that occurs over a certain length of section at the time when a light beam corresponding to the discontinuous portion is incident on the light receiving elements, a change occurring in that section is detected, calculation is performed, and an origin position is detected from the result of the calculation.

Abstract: An optical encoder equipped with an origin detection apparatus has a scale provided with an optical grating, a plurality of light receiving elements that is provided in association with the pitch of the optical grating and movable relative to the scale and a light source that illuminates the light receiving elements with light through the scale. An optically discontinuous portion is provided in the optical grating of the scale, a change of a light beam that occurs over a certain length of section at the time when a light beam corresponding to the discontinuous portion is incident on the light receiving elements, a change occurring in that section is detected, calculation is performed, and an origin position is detected from the result of the calculation.

Abstract: In two phases signals (A, B) outputted from a scale or a scale having a discontinuous portion provided in its incidental member to a light receiving portion, a region in which amplitudes of the two phases signals (A, B) are small corresponds to outputs when a reflecting portion lies in the scale in terms of rotation position, and a region in which amplitudes of the two phases signals (A, B) are large corresponds to outputs when a nonreflecting portion lies in the scale in terms of rotation position. An optical encoder for discriminating positions of a reflecting portion and a nonreflecting portion of a scale using a threshold value (L) to detect an absolute position based on a reason that when the signals (A, B) are arithmetically operated by an arithmetic operation processing circuit to obtain a sum of squares of the signals (A, B), change points in the amplitudes of the signals (A, B) are steeply obtained.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an optical encoder which includes a first diffraction grating having a desired optical effective aperture ratio at an appropriate gap position so as to eliminate and/or reduce high-harmonic components from the light intensity distribution of interference fringes and reduce high-order spatial frequency components overlapped on a displacement signal of the interference fringes formed by the first diffraction grating.