Abstract: A rotation information record surface of a rotary disk is disposed at an intermediate position between a fixing point of the rotary disk and a rotary shaft and a fixing position of a detection head, so that a stable gap can be obtained with a variation due to thermal expansion being reduced. In order to attain this, the fitting portion of the rotary disk is shaped to have a first fitting portion and a second fitting portion. The first fitting portion is provided for attaining satisfactory coaxiality, and the second fitting portion is adapted to form a clearance into which bonding means such as an adhesive is to be infused. With the above structure, an optimum detection position (i.e. an optimum gap position) would not be varied by a change in the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A liquid container for containing liquid includes a reflection member having a plurality of roof mirror assemblies arranged in a predetermined direction, each of the roof mirror assemblies having at least two reflecting surfaces positioned with a predetermined angle therebetween; wherein the reflection member is effective to divide incident light into a plurality of light beams by the plurality of roof mirror assemblies and to condensing at a predetermined position the beams sequentially reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces of the roof mirror assemblies wherein the reflection member is effective to divide incident light into a plurality of light beams by the plurality of roof mirror assemblies and to condensing at a predetermined position the beams sequentially reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces of the roof mirror assemblies.

Abstract: A divergent light beam from a light source unit having a plurality of light-emitting regions is almost contained within the surface of a reflecting body that is an array of micro roof mirrors/roof prisms disposed in a regular manner. The light beam emitted from the light source unit with an angle of divergence is reflected by the reflecting body and is almost converged on a light-receiving surface. As a result, there is increased the ray density of a light beam on the light-receiving surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a displacement information detecting apparatus which has a light beam illuminating system for making a light beam enter a first area of the grating portion of a relatively displaceable scale member provided with a grating portion having a wavefront dividing function in the direction of grating arrangement, a reflecting member for reflecting the light beam having emerged from the first area into which the light beam has been made to enter by the light beam illuminating system to enter a second area which is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the grating arrangement relative to the first area, and a plurality of light receiving portions for receiving a plurality of light beams created by the wavefront dividing function in the second area into which the light beam has been made to enter by the reflecting member, a signal corresponding to the displacement relative to the scale member being provided by the light reception by each of the light receiving portions.

Abstract: A rotary encoder includes a disk-shaped scale and sensors, each including a light emitting part and a light detecting part, for outputting an electrical signal. A light beam is emitted from the light emitting part so as to illuminate the scale with the emitted light beam and a light beam reflected from the scale is incident on the light detecting part, thereby generating an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of light incident upon the light detecting part.

Abstract: To provide a package for an optical semiconductor having a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in one package, in which a groove is provided between the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device to thereby avoid rays of light from the light-emitting device to directly enter the light-receiving device.

Abstract: In an optical encoder, an output signal of the encoder and a signal inverted from the output signal are respectively inputted to one input terminal and the other input terminal of a comparator constituting a circuit for electrically decomposing the output signal of the encoder, whereby it is possible to obtain a highly accurate electrical division circuit which is capable of removing the hysteresis of a comparator, noises and D.C. offset.

Abstract: A rotary disc made of synthetic resin has a fixed portion fixed to a rotary shaft, a cylindrical portion extending in the thrust direction from the outer peripheral edge of the fixed portion, and a disc main body portion extending in the radial direction from the lower portion of the cylindrical portion, and a scale portion for detecting the rotation angle is disposed on the underside of the disc main body portion.

Abstract: This invention realizes a detection system which serves as a displacement measurement apparatus for optically detecting a relative position, improves the use efficiency of a light amount, and is resistant to mechanical variations. More specifically, in an optical sensor having a light source, a reflector for reflecting a divergent light beam from the light source, and a light-receiving portion for receiving a reflected light beam from the reflector. The reflector has an optical characteristic that a divergent light beam from the light source is wavefront-split into a plurality of beams and the respective split light beams are overlaid at a predetermined position.

Abstract: This invention relates to a displacement information detecting apparatus which has a light beam illuminating system for making a light beam enter a first area of the grating portion of a relatively displaceable scale member provided with a grating portion having a wavefront dividing function in the direction of grating arrangement, a reflecting member for reflecting the light beam having emerged from the first area into which the light beam has been made to enter by the light beam illuminating system to enter a second area which is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the grating arrangement relative to the first area, and a plurality of light receiving portions for receiving a plurality of light beams created by the wavefront dividing function in the second area into which the light beam has been made to enter by the reflecting member, a signal corresponding to the displacement relative to the scale member being provided by the light reception by each of the light receiving portions.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to provide a mold for manufacturing an optical scale which can be easily manufactured and is capable of outputting high-precision position signals. In order to achieve this object, there is provided a mold for an optical scale, which has fixed and movable platens and is used to mold an optical scale, wherein both a first mold portion for forming a shaft mount hole for the optical scale and a second mold portion for forming a slit portion of the optical scale are arranged in one of the fixed and movable platens.

Abstract: In a postal information input apparatus in which when a postcode to be read by a reader of a postal matter sorting machine cannot be normally read, a correct postcode is reentered manually from an input device, a first display means which displays on a display device of the input apparatus a first display so as to indicate that the postal information input apparatus receives a data to be input from the postal matter sorting machine, and also displays an unprocessed number in the postal information input apparatus, is provided.

Abstract: A rotary encoder includes a disk-shaped scale and sensors, each including a light emitting part and a light detecting part, for outputting an electrical signal. A light beam is emitted from the light emitting part so as to illuminate the scale with the emitted light beam and a light beam reflected from the scale is incident on the light detecting part, thereby generating an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of light incident upon the light detecting part.

Abstract: A displacement detector includes a light generation source for generating light, a scale to be irradiated by the generated light and displaceable relative to the irradiated light, a first detection device having a photo-sensing element for detecting light transmitted through the scale for detecting displacement information of the scale, a mark having a focusing or light-condensing function formed integrally with the scale, and a second detection device having a photo-sensing element for sensing the light-condensed by the mark for detecting a reference position of the scale.

Abstract: There are disclosed a signal processing method, and a displacement information measuring apparatus utilizing such method, capable of providing highly reliable binary signals even in the presence of a time-dependent variation in the light emission intensity of the light source, a variation in the emission intensity resulting from a variation in the external temperature, or a variation in the optical transmittance resulting from smear on the optical scales, thereby enabling highly precise detection of the displacement information of the movable member.

Abstract: An encoder capable of detecting movement information on a moving body with high accuracy without being affected by environmental changes, wherein movement information on a moving body is detected by causing a luminous flux to impinge upon a first scale section of an optical scale which is provided on the moving body and which consists of gratings of a fixed pitch, causing the luminous flux to impinge upon a second scale section of the optical scale, and receiving the luminous flux which has undergone light modulation at the second scale section, and wherein a light adjustment device for intercepting or attenuating a +1st order or -1st order diffracted ray of diffracted rays of light from the first scale section is provided in the optical path extending from the first scale section, an optical image having an intensity distribution of the same grating pitch as the first scale section being formed on the second scale section mainly by the zero order and the -1st order diffracted rays or by the zero order and th

Abstract: Disclosed is a Talbot's interference type optical encoder constructed so as to minimize a measurement error due to a signal distortion. A semiconductor laser is installed so that a vertical transverse mode is set in a direction vertical to a moving direction of a diffraction grating serving as a scale. Further, a stop for regulating light beams from a light source is prepared. An aperture of this stop assumes such a configuration that a dimension in a direction along the moving direction of the scale diffraction grating is set equal to or shorter than a dimension in a direction vertical to the moving direction of the scale diffraction grating. Distortions of signals obtained are thereby reduced. A comparison level in signal processing can be centered on an amplitude of the signal, and, as a result, an occurrence of error can be prevented.

Abstract: A scale having first and second optical gratings on both surfaces of a transparent parallel portion or a scale having a common optical grating with first and second optical gratings on one of the surfaces of the transparent parallel portion is prepared. A beam is radiated on the first optical grating of the scale to cause it to pass through the first optical grating, thereby two-dimensionally inverting an image of the first optical grating. The inverted image is projected on the second optical grating. The inverted image of the image of the first optical grating and the second optical grating are displaced in opposite directions upon movement of the scale. Relative displacement between the inverted image and the second optical grating is larger than the movement amount of the scale, thereby performing displacement detection with high resolution.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale member provided on one of two bodies which are relatively rotated and have gratings arranged in a relative rotating direction and a light irradiator for irradiating a first region with beams. A diffracted image of the first region is projected on a second region of the scale member. The encoder further includes a detector for detecting the beams from the second region. The relative rotation of the other body is detected based on a detected result thereof. A scale whose relative rotation to a rotation detecting device is detected by being irradiated with the beams from the encoder. The scale includes a base member formed with a grating having surfaces inclined to incident beams. In addition, a driving system causes relative rotation between the two bodies. This system includes a device for relatively rotationally driving the two bodies and a controller for controlling a driving condition of the driving device.

Abstract: An encoder includes a light illuminating device, an optical scale and a photosensor, and detects information of relative displacement between the scale and the illuminating light. A birefringent element, such as a Savart plate or the like, is disposed in the optical path between the light illuminating device and the photosensor to generate a plurality of images of the scale having different phases. A plurality of output signals having a phase difference are obtained using the images of the scale.