Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a functional fluid comprising: at least one oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent, the detergent contributing an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent contributing an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2; and at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom (eg., a nitrogen atom).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a structural component includes a first step of attaching at least one conductive member to a surface of a base material made of a composite material and a second step of forming the base material by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat and/or making an assembly of the structural component by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat. Part or the whole of the conductive member contained in the structural component produced in the first and second steps serves as a member giving to the aircraft at least one of a lightning strike protection function, an anti-icing and deicing function and an electromagnetic interference shielding function.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a structural component includes a first step of attaching at least one conductive member to a surface of a base material made of a composite material and a second step of forming the base material by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat and/or making an assembly of the structural component by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat. Part or the whole of the conductive member contained in the structural component produced in the first and second steps serves as a member giving to the aircraft at least one of a lightning strike protection function, an anti-icing and deicing function and an electromagnetic interference shielding function.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as a lubricant for a transmission includes an oil of lubricating viscosity; a dispersant; a calcium detergent; a magnesium detergent; and an inorganic phosphorus compound. At least one of the dispersant or detergent components is borated.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a functional fluid comprising: at least one oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent, the detergent contributing an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent contributing an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2; and at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom (eg., a nitrogen atom).

Abstract: In an ultra-low temperature freezer (R) using refrigerant mixture in which plural kinds of refrigerants having different boiling points are mixed, in order to ensure the flow rate of liquid refrigerant into a supercooler (31) and enhance the cooling efficiency of a cryocoil (32), the ultra-low temperature freezer (R) comprises: a main refrigerant circuit (38) provided with the cryocoil (32) and a capillary tube (29); and a sub refrigerant circuit (39) that is connected at the upstream end to the upstream end of the main refrigerant circuit (38) to branch off therefrom and provided with a capillary tube (28), and the ultra-low temperature freezer (R) is configured so that the sub refrigerant circuit (39) is lower in height than the main refrigerant circuit (38).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a structural component includes a first step of attaching at least one conductive member to a surface of a base material made of a composite material and a second step of forming the base material by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat and/or making an assembly of the structural component by conducting electricity to part or the whole of the conductive member to generate heat. Part or the whole of the conductive member contained in the structural component produced in the first and second steps serves as a member giving to the aircraft at least one of a lightning strike protection function, an anti-icing and deicing function and an electromagnetic interference shielding function.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing the amount of gas in a solid sample such as a contained oxygen analyzing apparatus and method utilizing a preliminary reducing furnace which can be connected to an analyzing furnace by a transfer unit. A sample such as steel can be reduced in the preliminary reducing furnace and transferred to the analyzing furnace, for example, by a magnetic force, a gripping unit or a transporting sample body holder. A controller can control the application of heat and the mixing of a metal flux to provide discharge gas to an analyzer.

Abstract: An information providing method and apparatus in which a radio wave signal is transmitted from plural artificial satellites and received at plural receiving equipment located within a pre-defined service area, and receiving within a pre-defined range of operational elevation angle by a receiving antenna. The plural artificial satellites are viewable in turn within a pre-defined range of operational elevation angle at an arbitrary location within the pre-defined service area, and an orbit is arranged so that at least one artificial satellite is viewable. Each orbit of the plural artificial satellites is arranged on an individual orbital plane according to a designated service hour. The individual orbit is located in a range where an orbital inclination angle is 63.4 degrees or closer to Japan, and a right ascension of a north-bound node of the individual artificial satellite is separated approximately at regular intervals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a concentration method and apparatus for preparing a liquid specimen for a trace element analysis system. A holder positions a thin film that is prepared to have a liquid repellency so that a liquid sample containing a specimen can be uniformly evaporated to be concentrated at one location. An irradiation source of energy can be applied to enable a detector to determine the trace element.

Abstract: A communication system having a plurality of artificial satellites each having a communication unit traveling on elliptical orbits with an orbital period of 24 hours. Arguments of perigee are set to values with a predetermined allowance in a setting process of the plurality of artificial satellites.

Abstract: A transmission or communication system, wherein plural individual elliptical orbits are so defined that an individual right ascension of a north-bound node is established with a designated angle. An artificial satellite is travels on a respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbit and a group of artificial satellites arranged on respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbits are used so that at least one of the artificial satellites having a communication system is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. The group of artificial satellites are on respective orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of the individual elliptical orbit so that a right ascension of north-bound node is a designated angle and a time period during which respective ones of the group of artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical.

Abstract: A lead consonant buffer stores a feature parameter preceding a lead voiced sound detected by a voiced sound detector as a feature parameter of a lead consonant. A matching processing unit performs matching processing of a feature parameter of a lead consonant stored in the lead consonant buffer with a feature parameter of a registered pattern. Hence, the matching processing unit can perform matching processing reflecting information on a lead consonant even when no lead consonant can be detected due to a noise.

Abstract: A communication terminal for communicating through an artificial satellite, wherein the artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which an individual satellite orbits on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which an artificial satellite is viewable from ground is substantially identical and the communication terminal has a transmitter and receiver for transmitting and receiving a signal through the group of artificial satellites.

Abstract: An assembly of word models produced from a word model producer is sent to a matching object word selector to select one word model as matching object from them. A word matching processor judges whether or not a score of a path root of a present state serving as matching object is within a predetermined range being set based on a maximum value of the score, which is memorized in a maximum value memory buffer connected to the word matching processor. When the score of the path root is with in the above-described range, the score of this path root is designated as count object and a cumulative score is obtained. On the other hand, when the score of the path root is outside the above-described range, calculation of score for the state of the matching object is omitted.

Abstract: A communication line not affected by artificial structures and plants is established between mobile objects and stationary stations surrounded with skyscrapers, and economical artificial satellite service capable of efficiently performing satellite broadcast, mobile satellite communication, satellite-to-satellite communication and earth surveillance is provided using the communication line and by constructing the system with a small number of satellites. Six orbital elements 7-12 of a plurality of artificial satellites at reference time 5 are determined, and a plurality of elliptical orbits corresponding to the determined six orbital elements are combined, and then each of the satellites is appropriately arranged on each of the orbits to form a group of artificial satellites. Satellite communication or satellite broadcast is performed using the group of artificial satellites.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing the amount of gas in a solid sample such as a contained oxygen analyzing apparatus and method utilizing a preliminary reducing furnace which can be connected to an analyzing furnace by a transfer unit. A sample such as steel can be reduced in the preliminary reducing furnace and transferred to the analyzing furnace, for example, by a magnetic force, a gripping unit or a transporting sample body holder. A controller can control the application of heat and the mixing of a metal flux to provide discharge gas to an analyzer.

Abstract: A broadcasting or transmitting system using an artificial satellite. The artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which individual artificial satellites orbit on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angles in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective different orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which one artificial satellite of the group of the artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical to a time period during which another artificial satellite of the group is viewable from the ground.

Abstract: A communication line not affected by artificial structures and plants is established between mobile objects and stationary stations surrounded with skyscrapers, and economical artificial satellite service capable of efficiently performing satellite broadcast, mobile satellite communication, satellite-to-satellite communication and earth surveillance is provided using the communication line and by constructing the system with a small number of satellites.

Abstract: A broadcasting or transmitting system using an artificial satellite. The artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which individual artificial satellites orbit on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angles in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective different orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which one artificial satellite of the group of the artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical to a time period during which another artificial satellite of the group is viewable from the ground.