Abstract: A first RF pulse signal includes a plurality of main cycles. Each main cycle includes first and second durations. The first duration includes a plurality of first sub cycles, and the second duration includes a plurality of second sub cycles. The first RF pulse signal has three or more different power levels in each of the plurality of first sub cycles and the plurality of second sub cycles. A second RF pulse signal including a plurality of main cycles. The second RF pulse signal has two or more different power levels in each of the plurality of first sub cycles and a zero power level in the second duration. A third RF pulse signal includes a plurality of main cycles. The third RF pulse signal has two or more different power levels in each of the plurality of first sub cycles and a zero power level in the second duration.

Abstract: An ultrafine bubble (UFB)-containing liquid manufacturing apparatus includes a liquid ejecting unit having a thermal energy generating element, a flow path for leading liquid to the thermal energy generating element, a driving unit configured to drive the thermal energy generating element, and an ejection opening. The UFB-containing liquid manufacturing apparatus also includes a collecting unit configured to collect liquid ejected from the ejection opening. The driving unit drives the thermal energy generating element to cause film boiling in liquid led to the flow path and causes liquid containing ultrafine bubbles generated by the film boiling to be ejected from the ejection opening.

Abstract: A test sample of a vulcanized rubber material is placed under a preset placement condition in a fixing frame in a test tank having a predetermined ozone concentration, and digital image data is acquired by capturing at a fixed point, over time, with at least one camera device, images of a surface of the test sample that has been placed in the test tank; and determining a change in a surface state of the test sample between a plurality of points in time by analyzing, with a computation device, the image data that has been acquired. Such evaluation method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material can accurately determine a change over time in ozone deterioration while reducing working man-hours.

Abstract: A sheet type discrimination device includes: a first light source unit that irradiates a sheet with light having a first wavelength and light having a second wavelength; a detection unit that detects light from the sheet and acquires a detection value based on the light; and a control unit that derives a determination result of a type of the sheet, wherein the first light source unit and the detection unit are located on a same side with respect to the sheet, the detection value includes: a first detection value; and a second detection value, and the control unit discriminates first-type recycled paper by first processing using the first detection value, and discriminates second-type recycled paper different from the first-type recycled paper by second processing using the second detection value.

Abstract: A recording medium determination device includes a light emitter, a light detector, and a hardware processor. The light emitter emits inspection light to a recording medium. The light detector detects incident light including at least one of diffuse reflected light of the inspection light emitted to the recording medium and fluorescent light excited by the inspection light in the recording medium. The hardware processor makes a determination depending on a property of the recording medium based on a detection result of first incident light of the incident light in accordance with first inspection light of the inspection light and second incident light of the incident light in accordance with second inspection light of the inspection light obtained by the light detector. The second inspection light has an intensity whose peak wavelength is shorter than the peak wavelength of the first inspection light.

Abstract: The electron spectrometer includes an excitation part 100 irradiating a sample with an energy beam, an orbiting part 10 causing electrons emitted from the sample irradiated with the energy beam to orbit, and a detection part 120 detecting the electrons released from the orbiting part 10, in which the orbiting part 10 includes a plurality of pairs of electrodes, the plurality of pairs of electrodes cause the electrons to orbit when an applied voltage is controlled, a part of the plurality of pairs of electrodes are pairs of electrodes to catch which catch the electrons into the orbiting part 10 when an applied voltage is controlled, and a part of the plurality of pairs of electrodes are pairs of electrodes to release which release the electrons from the orbiting part 10 when an applied voltage is controlled.

Abstract: A technology aimed at improvement of paper discriminating accuracy is provided. In an image forming apparatus, a control unit derives a discriminating result for types of paper. To be specific, the control unit derives the discriminating result for types of paper using a first detection value based on absorption by the paper of the light having the first wavelength and a second detection value based on absorption by the paper of the light having the second wavelength. The first wavelength ranges from 750 nm to 1100 nm.

Abstract: A recording medium determination device includes a light emitter, a light detector, and a hardware processor. The light emitter emits inspection light to a recording medium. The light detector detects incident light including at least one of diffuse reflected light of the inspection light emitted to the recording medium and fluorescent light excited by the inspection light in the recording medium. The hardware processor makes a determination depending on a property of the recording medium based on a detection result of first incident light of the incident light in accordance with first inspection light of the inspection light and second incident light of the incident light in accordance with second inspection light of the inspection light obtained by the light detector. The second inspection light has an intensity whose peak wavelength is shorter than the peak wavelength of the first inspection light.

Abstract: The electron spectrometer includes an excitation part 100 irradiating a sample with an energy beam, an orbiting part 10 causing electrons emitted from the sample irradiated with the energy beam to orbit, and a detection part 120 detecting the electrons released from the orbiting part 10, in which the orbiting part 10 includes a plurality of pairs of electrodes, the plurality of pairs of electrodes cause the electrons to orbit when an applied voltage is controlled, a part of the plurality of pairs of electrodes are pairs of electrodes to catch which catch the electrons into the orbiting part 10 when an applied voltage is controlled, and a part of the plurality of pairs of electrodes are pairs of electrodes to release which release the electrons from the orbiting part 10 when an applied voltage is controlled.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object is obtained by repeating multiple times forming a ceramic powder layer formed of a ceramic powder and applying to a desired region of the ceramic powder layer a liquid precursor composition at least containing at least any one of a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride, a hydrolysate of the metal alkoxide and a polycondensate of the hydrolysate, and water, thereby obtaining a laminated body; subsequently heating the laminated body at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature of the ceramic powder; and removing the ceramic particle in a region to which the precursor composition has not been applied.

Abstract: An optical writing device performs writing by scanning an image surface of a photoconductor with light, and includes a light source unit including a light source that emits light, a deflection unit that deflects and scans the light, an optical element unit for the light, and a housing unit that holds the light source unit, the deflection unit, and the optical element unit. The housing unit includes a vibration isolator that isolates vibration transmitted from a vibration antinode where distribution of vibration in a sub direction perpendicular to a scanning direction of the light on the image surface of the photoconductor is maximum to at least one of seat face parts for the light source unit and the optical element unit having optical sensitivity in the sub direction, in a bottom face part of the housing unit, and a rigidity enhancer that increases rigidity of the seat face part.

Abstract: A holder includes first and second attachments to be attached to an attachment target part of an image formation apparatus. The first attachment is located on a reflection light source side relative to a sensor in a direction of a line connecting the sensor and a reflection light source of the image formation apparatus The second attachment is located on an opposite side to the reflection light source relative to the sensor in the line direction. A holder includes first, second, and third attachments to be attached to an attachment target part of an image formation apparatus. The three attachments are elastically deformable portions. The first and second attachments are provided on one end side of the holder. The third attachment is provided on other end side of the holder. The three attachments are provided as to clamp the attachment target part by using resilience associated with elastic deformation.

Abstract: A cryogenic cooling apparatus includes: a vacuum container; a first bellows connected to a peripheral portion of an opening provided in the vacuum container; a flange provided at a tip of the first bellows on a side opposite to the opening of the vacuum container and configured to fix a refrigerator; a first sleeve connected to a peripheral edge portion of an opening of the flange, into which the refrigerator is inserted, and configured to form a first accommodation space; a first heat-transfer block provided at a tip of the first sleeve on a side opposite to the flange and thermally connected to the first cooling object by being brought into contact with a first cooling block of the refrigerator; and a second bellows formed in a part of the first sleeve and configured to expand or contract the accommodation space depending on the refrigerator inserted into the accommodation space.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a method includes preparing a workpiece including a silicon film and a mask provided on the silicon film, etching the silicon film using the mask by plasma of a gas containing a first halogen atom, modifying a surface of the silicon film into an oxide layer by plasma of a gas containing an oxygen atom, a hydrogen atom, and a second halogen atom, the oxide layer including a first region extending along a side wall surface of the mask and a second region extending on the silicon film, etching the oxide layer to remove the second region while leaving the first region, and etching the silicon film using the mask and the oxide layer including the first region by plasma of a gas containing a third halogen atom.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a method includes preparing a workpiece including a silicon film and a mask provided on the silicon film, etching the silicon film using the mask by plasma of a gas containing a first halogen atom, modifying a surface of the silicon film into an oxide layer by plasma of a gas containing an oxygen atom, a hydrogen atom, and a second halogen atom, the oxide layer including a first region extending along a side wall surface of the mask and a second region extending on the silicon film, etching the oxide layer to remove the second region while leaving the first region, and etching the silicon film using the mask and the oxide layer including the first region by plasma of a gas containing a third halogen atom.

Abstract: A holder includes first and second attachments to be attached to an attachment target part of an image formation apparatus. The first attachment is located on a reflection light source side relative to a sensor in a direction of a line connecting the sensor and a reflection light source of the image formation apparatus The second attachment is located on an opposite side to the reflection light source relative to the sensor in the line direction. A holder includes first, second, and third attachments to be attached to an attachment target part of an image formation apparatus. The three attachments are elastically deformable portions. The first and second attachments are provided on one end side of the holder. The third attachment is provided on other end side of the holder. The three attachments are provided as to clamp the attachment target part by using resilience associated with elastic deformation.

Abstract: A shaping plate to be set on a shaping stage of a shaping system for performing shaping by an additive manufacturing method includes a water-insoluble base substrate and an underlying layer containing a water-soluble material on at least one surface of the base substrate, wherein the base substrate has a plurality of through holes that extend in the direction intersecting the surface provided with the underlying layer.

Abstract: An optical writing device performs writing by scanning an image surface of a photoconductor with light, and includes a light source unit including a light source that emits light, a deflection unit that deflects and scans the light, an optical element unit for the light, and a housing unit that holds the light source unit, the deflection unit, and the optical element unit. The housing unit includes a vibration isolator that isolates vibration transmitted from a vibration antinode where distribution of vibration in a sub direction perpendicular to a scanning direction of the light on the image surface of the photoconductor is maximum to at least one of seat face parts for the light source unit and the optical element unit having optical sensitivity in the sub direction, in a bottom face part of the housing unit, and a rigidity enhancer that increases rigidity of the seat face part.

Abstract: A powder contains particles containing a water-soluble material and a water-insoluble material. When dependence on temperature of a storage elastic modulus and a loss elastic modulus of a cylindrical compact of the powder in a shear direction, the cylindrical compact having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, is measured with a rotational rheometer at an angular frequency of 1 Hz and a rate of temperature increase of 2° C./min, letting a temperature at which the storage elastic modulus is 1 MPa be T° C., the storage elastic modulus is always higher than the loss elastic modulus in a temperature range of T° C. to (T+10)° C.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object is obtained by repeating multiple times forming a ceramic powder layer formed of a ceramic powder and applying to a desired region of the ceramic powder layer a liquid precursor composition at least containing at least any one of a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride, a hydrolysate of the metal alkoxide and a polycondensate of the hydrolysate, and water, thereby obtaining a laminated body; subsequently heating the laminated body at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature of the ceramic powder; and removing the ceramic particle in a region to which the precursor composition has not been applied.