Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes an address bus, a scramble unit, and a data bus. The address bus outputs address data to be given to a memory apparatus. The scramble unit scrambles write-in data into a storage position in the memory apparatus identified by the address data to obtain confidential data. The data bus outputs the confidential data. The scramble unit includes a first scrambler, a first converter and a second scrambler. The first scrambler XORs first mask data corresponding to the address data and the write-in data for each bit and makes it first scrambled data. The first converter performs one-to-one substitution conversion of the first scrambled data. The second scrambler XORs second mask data corresponding to the address data and data after the conversion of the first scrambled data by the first converter and outputs obtained second scrambled data as the confidential data.

Abstract: In an electrically-operated vehicle including rear wheels on right and left sides of a rear portion of a vehicle body, the electrically-operated vehicle includes a motor that drives the rear wheels, a battery 51 that is arranged above the motor, and a lower battery that is placed between the right and left rear wheels. The lower battery and the motor are arranged in a distributed manner over an axle of the rear wheels between a vehicle front side of the axle of the rear wheels and a vehicle rear side of the axle of the rear wheels. An upper end portion of a rear cushion is supported on a vehicle body frame, and the battery and the motor are supported on a lower end of the rear cushion.

Abstract: A signature generating device includes a receiving unit that receives a sequence of data; a summary data generating unit that generates summary data of the data upon reception of each of the data by the receiving unit; an obtaining unit that obtains, when the number of data included in a sequence of the generated summary data reaches a given number, the sequence of the summary data as a block; a setting unit that sets, as a signature subject, a current block constituted by the sequence of the summary data, and the summary data selected from at least one block contiguous to the current block; a digital signature generating unit that generates a digital signature concerning data summarized for the current block; and a sending unit that sends the generated digital signature, the signature subject associated with the digital signature, and the data summarized for the current block.

Abstract: An electronic image data verification program disclosed herein is capable of detecting presence or absence of a change, specifying a changed portion (the position of a change) if present, and making the presence or absence and the changed portion provable to third parties, by generating partial signature information separately from electronic image information to be registered, by dividing and maintaining the partial signature information, and by clearly separating functions/roles of the electronic image information (original information) and the partial signature information (verification information).

Abstract: An encryption processing device includes: a memory configured to store a first secret key and a first agitation value operated with the first secret key; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive a first random number, generate a second agitation key based on the first secret key and the first agitation value, generate a first encryption information based on the second secret key and the first random number, update the first agitation value stored in the memory, and output the first agitation value and the first encryption information.

Abstract: 401 stores, in 302, key d? obtained by subtracting random number 2r held in 201 from key d held in 105. When an operation starts, the values “?C” and “?C2” are calculated respectively, and the resultant values are stored in a multiplication table memory 205 together with value “C”. In a first operation cycle, 107 selects and outputs an intermediate value 108 held in an in-operation data register 103, and thereby makes a modular-multiplication operation circuit 104 perform squaring. In the second operation cycle, 107 selects and outputs one of three values held in 205 in accordance with the combination of key bit value d?i and random number bit value ri, and thereby makes the modular-multiplication operation circuit 104 perform multiplication. Thereby, a cryptographic processing device that requires a short operation time period, small circuit scale, and has sufficient security can be realized.

Abstract: k bits from the least significant bit of the current secret key are retrieved, obtaining a binary window sequence. A binary bit string of concatenation of the random number to the more significant bits of the window sequence is obtained if the most significant bit of the window sequence is 0, subtracting a bit string from the current secret key to obtain a new secret key, or the bit string of a complement of the base number for the window sequence in binary system is calculated if the most significant bit of the window sequence is 1, obtaining a bit string by adding a minus sign to a bit string obtained by concatenating the random number to the more significant bits of the bit string, subtracting the bit string from the current secret key to obtain a new secret key.

Abstract: An encrypted ID takes as its initial value a tag ID that constitutes an original ID of a wireless tag, and is encrypted using an encryption key each time an ID inquiry is received from a reader/writer. Another encrypted ID also takes the tag ID as its initial value, and is encrypted using an encryption key each time an ID inquiry is received. The wireless tag gives confidential variability to the ID by transmitting a combination of the encrypted ID and the another encrypted ID in reply. The reader/writer can obtain the original ID merely by decoding the two encrypted values until they match, and the decoding load does not increase even if the number of wireless tags that are reading targets increases.

Abstract: A communication method executed by a node in an ad hoc network having multiple nodes, includes receiving from a neighboring node of the node in the ad hoc network, a first packet that includes a sender address of the neighboring node and a first packet transmission count of packet transmissions from the neighboring node; extracting the first packet transmission count from the first packet; receiving from the neighboring node and after reception of the first packet, a second packet that includes the sender address of the neighboring node and a second packet transmission count of packet transmissions from the neighboring node; extracting the second packet transmission count from the second packet; determining whether the second packet is an invalid packet, based on the first packet transmission count and the second packet transmission count; and discarding the second packet upon determining the second packet to be an invalid packet.

Abstract: A key setting method executed by a node within communication ranges of multiple ad-hoc networks, includes receiving encrypted packets encrypted by respective keys specific to gateways and broadcasted from the gateways in the ad-hoc networks; detecting connection with a mobile terminal communicable with a server retaining the keys specific to the gateways in each ad-hoc network among the ad-hoc networks; transmitting to the server when connection with the mobile terminal is detected, the encrypted packets via the mobile terminal; receiving from the server via the mobile terminal, the keys that are specific to the gateways in the ad-hoc networks and that are for decrypting each encrypted packet among the encrypted packets; and setting each of the received keys as a key to encrypt data that is to be encrypted in the node and decrypt data that is to be decrypted in the node.

Abstract: A constant multiplier inputs a base and a modulo n, performs modular exponentiation modulo n with a prescribed constant as the exponent and with base a, and outputs the result of this calculation as base b. A personal key converter inputs a personal key d and calculates a personal key d? as the quotient when d is divided by the prescribed constant. A correction key generator generates a correction key d? as the remainder of the aforementioned division. A first modular exponentiation unit performs modular exponentiation base b with d? as the exponent. A second modular exponentiation unit performs modular exponentiation base a with d? as the exponent, and outputs a correction value. A correction calculation unit multiplies the outputs of the first and second modular exponentiation units and outputs the result as the encryption processing result.

Abstract: When input data (f0) is read into a digital signature generating apparatus, a hash value (h0) is calculated. The hash value (h0) is stored to a storage area (M1), which has the highest priority rank among 5 storage areas. Subsequently, when input data (f1) is read in, a hash value (h1) is calculated. Since the storage area (M1) is already occupied by the hash value (h0), the hash value (h0) is read out from storage area (M1), emptying the storage area (M1). The read hash value (h0) and the hash value (h1) are concatenated, forming a concatenated hash value (h0|h1) and a hash value (h0,1) is calculated. The hash value (h0,1) is stored to a storage area (M2), which has the highest priority rank after the storage area (M1). When input data (f2) is read in, a hash value (h2) is calculated and stored to the storage area (M1).

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes, an input unit to accept information on one or more deletion-target data blocks specified from a plurality of data blocks, a hash generating unit to calculate a hash value of each of the plurality of data blocks, an auxiliary data generating unit to calculate auxiliary data ?=gH1(mod N) of a signer based on predetermined values g and N and a product H1 of the hash values of one or more deletion-target data blocks, a digital signature generating unit to calculate intermediate data ?=gH2(mod N) based on the predetermined values g and N and a product H2 of the hash values of one or more remaining data blocks to generate a digital signature for a combination of the intermediate data ? and position data of one or more deletion-target data blocks with a signing key of a modifier.

Abstract: A method for generating a digital signature with respect to an electronic document, the method including: inputting a target electronic document and a corresponding digital signature ?; dividing the target electronic document into a plurality of partial documents mi; and when a revision of the partial documents is to be performed, in a case where deletion of the one partial document is to be performed, when sanitization is not prohibited, exponentiating the digital signature ? twice with a hash value Gi, when sanitization is prohibited, exponentiating ? with the Gi; in a case where sanitization is to be performed, replacing a partial document by Gi; in a case where deletion is to be prohibited, exponentiating ? with a hash value Hi; in a case where the sanitization is to be prohibited, exponentiating ? with Gi; and updating ?.

Abstract: A digital signature method to generate a signature for an electronic document, the method including: initializing a signature t of each of the document segments of electronic document and twice raising the signature t to the power of a hash value of each of the document segments and digitally signing the raised signature to produce a signature s serving as the signature of the electronic document; and revising a document segment; wherein, in the revising, to delete a document segment, the signature t is raised twice to the power of the hash value of the document segment unless the document segment is sanitization prohibited, or the signature t is raised to the power of the hash value of the document if the document segment is sanitization prohibited, and the document segment is deleted; to sanitize a document segment, the document segment is replaced with the hash value thereof.

Abstract: A computer divides a target electronic document into a plurality of document segments. Then, the computer generates a signature (s, t) that includes a set of two values having a signature value s forming a signature on the electronic document and a deletion signature value t used for deletion, the signature value s which serves as a body of the signature being formed by a superposition of signature information on the individual document segments. Then, in a case where one of the plurality of document segments obtained by the division is to be extracted, the computer superimposes deletion information of a document segment to be deleted on the deletion signature value t to generate a new signature value t?, and produces an updated signature (s, t?).

Abstract: In a saddle-ride electric vehicle equipped with an electric motor generating power for rotatively driving a rear wheel, a main battery supplying electric power to the electric motor is disposed in a first space S1 that is surrounded by a down frame connected to a head pipe or a front end portion of a main frame and extending downward, a pivot frame connected to the rear end portion of the main frame and extending downward, and the main frame, and a sub-battery that can supply electric power to the electric motor instead of the main battery is disposed in a second space S2 surrounded by seat rails connected to the rear portion of the main frame to support an occupant seat and the main frame. The electric motor is disposed at a position different from the first and second spaces S1 and S2.

Abstract: A communication device includes a data storage unit, a decryption unit, an encryption unit, and a judgment unit. The data storage unit stores a piece of encrypted data or a piece of decrypted data. The decryption unit decrypts each provided piece of encrypted data. The encryption unit encrypts each provided piece of decrypted data. The judgment unit issues an instruction to the encryption unit to read from the data storage unit first decrypted data obtained by the decryption unit decrypting first encrypted data with a cryptographic key, and to write back to the data storage unit second encrypted data obtained by the encryption unit encrypting the first decrypted data with the cryptographic key.

Abstract: A randomly selected point on an elliptic curve is set as the initial value of a variable and calculation including a random point value is performed in an algorithm for calculating arbitrary scalar multiple operation on an elliptic curve when scalar multiplication and addition on an elliptic curve are defined, then a calculation value obtained as a result of including a random point is subtracted from the calculation result, whereby an intended scalar multiple operation value on an elliptic curve is determined.

Abstract: To dispose a large battery in a saddle-ride electric vehicle equipped with a head pipe steerably supporting a front fork with the front wheel journaled to a lower end portion and a steering handlebar, a main frame extending downward and rearward from the head pipe, and an electric motor generating power for rotatively driving a rear wheel. The battery supplying electric power to an electric motor is disposed in a space S1 that is surrounded by a down frame connected to the head pipe or a front end portion of the main frame 14 and extending downward, a pivot frame connected to the rear end portion of the main frame and extending downward, and the main frame. The electric motor is disposed on a side of the rear wheel rather than in the space S1.