Abstract: An optical device includes a first substrate having a first surface, a second substrate having a second surface, at least one optical waveguide, and a plurality of spacers, disposed on at least either the first surface or the second surface, that include a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the plurality of elastic spacers is at least one elastic spacer located in a region between the first substrate and the second substrate in which the first substrate and the second substrate overlap each other as seen from an angle parallel with a direction perpendicular to the first surface. The second portion of the plurality of elastic spacers is at least one elastic spacer located in a region in which the first substrate and the second substrate do not overlap each other as seen from an angle parallel with the direction perpendicular to the first surface.

Abstract: An optical device includes a plurality of optical waveguide units arranged in a first direction. Each of the optical waveguide units includes a first mirror having a first reflecting surface, a second mirror having a second reflecting surface facing the first reflecting surface, and at least one optical waveguide region located between the first mirror and the second mirror. The distance between the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface is different for each of the optical waveguide units.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of separation walls, one or more optical waveguides, and one or more spacers. The first substrate has a surface which extends in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The plurality of separation walls are positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and extend in the first direction. The one or more optical waveguides are positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and include one or more dielectric members which are positioned between the plurality of separation walls and which extend in the first direction. The one or more spacers are directly or indirectly sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and positioned around the one or more optical waveguides.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of benzothiazole of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects benzothiazole released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of benzothiazole per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of benzothiazole of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of tetradecane of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects tetradecane released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of tetradecane per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of tetradecane of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of tetradecane of a user acquired by a sensor that detects tetradecane discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of tetradecane per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the tetradecane of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stress time period in

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of ethylene glycol of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects ethylene glycol released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of ethylene glycol per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of ethylene glycol of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of 1-dodecanol of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects 1-dodecanol released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of 1-dodecanol per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of 1-dodecanol of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first substrate having a first surface, a second substrate having a second surface, at least one optical waveguide, and a plurality of spacers, disposed on at least either the first surface or the second surface, that include a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the plurality of elastic spacers is at least one elastic spacer located in a region between the first substrate and the second substrate in which the first substrate and the second substrate overlap each other as seen from an angle parallel with a direction perpendicular to the first surface. The second portion of the plurality of elastic spacers is at least one elastic spacer located in a region in which the first substrate and the second substrate do not overlap each other as seen from an angle parallel with the direction perpendicular to the first surface.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a first mirror having translucency and including a first reflecting surface extending along a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second mirror including a second reflecting surface facing the first reflecting surface; an optical waveguide layer located between the first mirror and the second mirror, the optical waveguide layer including a plurality of non-waveguide areas laid side-by-side along the second direction and one or more optical waveguide areas located between the plurality of non-waveguide areas, the optical waveguide areas containing a liquid crystal material, having a higher average refractive index than do the plurality of non-waveguide areas, and propagating light along the first direction; and two electrode layers facing each other across the optical waveguide layer, at least one of the two electrode layers including a plurality of electrodes laid side-by-side along the second direction.

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of benzyl alcohol of a user acquired by a sensor that detects benzyl alcohol discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of benzyl alcohol per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the benzyl alcohol of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stress ti

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of ethylene glycol of a user acquired by a sensor that detects ethylene glycol discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of ethylene glycol per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the ethylene glycol of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stres

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects 2-phenoxyethanol released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of heptadecane of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects heptadecane released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of heptadecane per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of heptadecane of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: A method comprising: acquiring via a network biogas information representing a concentration of furfural of the user acquired by a sensor that detects the furfural discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining the reference information representing a lower limit of a normal range of the concentration of furfural per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information; and outputting information related to stress of the user an information terminal of the user, after it is determined that a frequency that concentration of the furfural of the user per the unit period of time is less than the lower limit of the normal range tends to increase, based on the biogas information acquired in a pregnancy period of the user.

Abstract: A method includes: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to time at each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas represents a concentration of 2-ethylhexanoic acid of a user acquired by a sensor that detects the 2-ethylhexanoic acid discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing a lower limit of a normal range of 2-ethylhexanoic acid per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the lower limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the 2-ethylhexanoic acid of the user is less than the lower limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biogas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects 2-ethyl-1-hexanol released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of 1-dodecanol of a user acquired by a sensor that detects 1-dodecanol discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of 1-dodecanol per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the 1-dodecanol of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stress time period in

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of hexadecane of a user acquired by a sensor that detects hexadecane discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of hexadecane per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the hexadecane of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stress time period indica

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of acetophenone of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects acetophenone released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of acetophenone per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of acetophenone of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.