Abstract: In a cooling cycle including a compressor, a gas cooler, a throttling device, and an evaporator, a heat exchanger is arranged between the compressor and the throttling device for carrying out heat exchange through a refrigerant compressed by the compressor.

Abstract: In the exposure method of the invention, a first pattern and a second pattern are joined and exposed on a substrate using a mask having a pattern. The pattern on the mask has a common pattern for the first pattern and the second pattern, and a non-common pattern different from the common pattern and formed continuously with the common pattern. The common pattern and at least a part of the non-common pattern are selected to effect the joining and exposing. According to this method, the number of masks required for exposure processing accompanying screen synthesis can be reduced.

Abstract: A cooling cycle with a high-pressure side operating in a supercritical area of refrigerant includes a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of cooled refrigerant between a gas cooler and an internal heat exchanger, a pressure sensor for sensing a pressure of cooled refrigerant between the two, and a controller for controlling at least one of a compressor and a throttling device in accordance with the sensed temperature and the sensed pressure.

Abstract: The memory unit stores the correlation of the positional change in the image planes of the projection optical modules in the focusing direction and the light quantity change. The image plane position determination unit finds the positional change value of the image planes of the projection optical modules based on the correlation information that is stored in the memory unit and the information on changes in the amount of light that is emitted to the projection optical modules. The compensation value calculating unit calculates the compensation value corresponding to the change in the amount of curvature in the image planes of the projection optical modules. The compensating unit compensates the change value in conformity with the compensation value. The focus compensation optical system is driven based on the change value that is compensated.

Abstract: A toilet seat box device to be mounted on the rear part of the top of a toilet contains a nozzle for spraying washing water onto the buttocks of the person using the toilet and a water flow adjustment valve for adjusting the flow of water supplied to the nozzle. The toilet box device has a projecting part on one side which projects toward the front of the toilet. A washing strength dial for operating the water flow adjustment valve is located on the side of the projecting part, and an axle rotated by the dial is mechanically connected to the water flow adjustment valve by gears.