Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte containing a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties. The nonaqueous electrolyte can contain at least one of a saturated chain hydrocarbon, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic compound having a halogen atom and an ether having a fluorine atom.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to prevent deterioration and expanding of anode active material and to improve charge-discharge cycle characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising an anode of which current collector has thereon a thin layer of an anode active material containing a metal. To solve this problem, in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a thin layer of anode active material containing a metal which absorbs and discharges lithium is formed on a current collector and the thin layer of the anode active material is divided into columns by a gap formed along the thickness thereof, a compound represented by the following formula is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte. A-N?C?O In the above formula, A represents an element or a group other than hydrogen.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to prevent deterioration and expanding of anode active material and to improve charge-discharge cycle characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising an anode of which current collector has thereon a thin layer of an anode active material containing a metal. To solve this problem, in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a thin layer of anode active material containing a metal which absorbs and discharges lithium is formed on a current collector and the thin layer of the anode active material is divided into columns by a gap formed along the thickness thereof, a compound represented by the following formula is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte. A-N?C?O In the above formula, A represents an element or a group other than hydrogen.

Abstract: An object is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte and a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery which have excellent discharge load characteristics and are excellent in high-temperature storability, cycle characteristics, high capacity, continuous-charge characteristics, storability, gas evolution inhibition during continuous charge, high-current-density charge/discharge characteristics, discharge load characteristics, etc. The object has been accomplished with a nonaqueous electrolyte which comprises: a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate; and further a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties.

Abstract: A subject is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte excellent in cycle performances such as capacity retention after cycling, output after cycling, discharge capacity after cycling, and cycle discharge capacity ratio, output characteristics, high-temperature storability, low-temperature discharge characteristics, heavy-current discharge characteristics, high-temperature storability, safety, high capacity, high output, high-current-density cycle performances, compatibility of these performances, etc. Another subject is to provide a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing the nonaqueous electrolyte. The subjects have been accomplished with a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and further contains a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to prevent deterioration and expanding of anode active material and to improve charge-discharge cycle characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising an anode of which current collector has thereon a thin layer of an anode active material containing a metal. To solve this problem, in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a thin layer of anode active material containing a metal which absorbs and discharges lithium is formed on a current collector and the thin layer of the anode active material is divided into columns by a gap formed along the thickness thereof, a compound represented by the following formula is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte. A-N?C?O In the above formula, A represents an element or a group other than hydrogen.

Abstract: A difluorophosphate salt, which is expensive and not readily available, can be produced with a high purity readily and efficiently from inexpensive and readily available materials. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that exhibits low-temperature discharge and heavy-current discharge characteristics and high-temperature preservation and cycle characteristics without impairing the battery safety.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprising a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm?1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I): Y??7.5X+150, and X?4, Y>0.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the decomposition of an electrolyte solution is reduced exhibits high coulombic efficiency and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, and has high energy density. This nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode that is formed by depositing a thin film of active material on a collector by a CVD method, sputtering, evaporation, thermal spraying, or plating, wherein the thin film of the active material can lithiate and delithiate and is divided into columns by cracks formed in the thickness direction, and the bottom of each column is adhered to the collector; a positive electrode that can lithiate and delithiate; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent. The electrolyte solution contains a compound expressed by a general formula (I).

Abstract: To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which restrict reaction between a negative electrode active material and anon-aqueous electrolyte, and can attain excellent charge-discharge cycle performances and high charge-discharge capacity, where a thin film of negative electrode active material including a metal capable of absorbing or releasing lithium is formed on a current collector of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the thin film of negative electrode active material is separated into columnar shape by slits formed in a thickness direction.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor including a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm?1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I):Y??7.5X+150, and X?4, Y>0.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprising a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm?1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I): Y??7.5X+150, and X?4, Y>0.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the decomposition of an electrolyte solution is reduced exhibits high coulombic efficiency and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, and has high energy density. This nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode that is formed by depositing a thin film of active material on a collector by a CVD method, sputtering, evaporation, thermal spraying, or plating, wherein the thin film of the active material can lithiate and delithiate and is divided into columns by cracks formed in the thickness direction, and the bottom of each column is adhered to the collector; a positive electrode that can lithiate and delithiate; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent. The electrolyte solution contains a compound expressed by a general formula (I).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the decomposition of an electrolyte solution is reduced exhibits high coulombic efficiency and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, and has high energy density. This nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode that is formed by depositing a thin film of active material on a collector by a CVD method, sputtering, evaporation, thermal spraying, or plating, wherein the thin film of the active material can lithiate and delithiate and is divided into columns by cracks formed in the thickness direction, and the bottom of each column is adhered to the collector; a positive electrode that can lithiate and delithiate; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent. The electrolyte solution contains a compound expressed by a general formula (I).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the decomposition of an electrolyte solution is reduced exhibits high coulombic efficiency and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, and has high energy density. This nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode that is formed by depositing a thin film of active material on a collector by a CVD method, sputtering, evaporation, thermal spraying, or plating, wherein the thin film of the active material can lithiate and delithiate and is divided into columns by cracks formed in the thickness direction, and the bottom of each column is adhered to the collector; a positive electrode that can lithiate and delithiate; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent. The electrolyte solution contains a compound expressed by a general formula (I).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries which is an electrolyte solution for secondary batteries obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous solvent is a solvent mainly comprising a lactone compound and the content of hydroxy carboxylic acids in the electrolyte solution is 1 mmol/kg or lower and a secondary battery employing the same are excellent in high-temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, and capacity retention characteristics and in various cell characteristics in a wide temperature range and safety such as firing properties.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprising a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm−1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I): Y≧−7.5X+150, and X≧4, Y>0.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries which is an electrolyte solution for secondary batteries obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous solvent is a solvent mainly comprising a lactone compound and the content of hydroxy carboxylic acids in the electrolyte solution is 1 mmol/kg or lower and a secondary battery employing the same are excellent in high-temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, and capacity retention characteristics and in various cell characteristics in a wide temperature range and safety such as firing properties.

Abstract: An N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium salt of an organic acid is prepared in high purity and in high yield by (a) preparing an N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium methyl carbonate in a quaternization reaction by methylating an N-alkylimidazoline with dimethyl carbonate and (b) reacting the resulting N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium methyl carbonate with an organic acid, in an anion exchange reaction, wherein the reaction of each step is conducted in methanol solvent.

Abstract: Emulsifier compositions capable of forming an emulsion which is stable over a wide range of temperatures and contains at least one of a N.sup..alpha. -long-chain acyl arginine higher alkyl ester of the general formula (I) or an acid-addition salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 CO is a straight-chain C.sub.8-22 acyl group; and R.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.12-22 alkyl group, are disclosed.