Abstract: A horizontal type continuous casting machine for casting molten steel into a cast steel strand, which comprises: a tundish for receiving molten steel to be cast; a horizontal metal mold connected through a front nozzle, a feed nozzle, a break ring and a metal spacer ring having therein a cooling water passage to an opening provided in the lower portion of a side wall of the tundish; at least one pair of pinch rolls for intermittently and continuously withdrawing molten steel directed from the tundish to the horizontal mold into a cast steel strand in the horizontal direction through the horizontal mold by means of a plurality of cycles each comprising one pull and one push; and a cooling zone for cooling the cast steel strand withdrawn from the horizontal mold.

Abstract: In a horizontal continuous casting machine having a casting withdrawing cycle consisting of withdrawing, stopping and push-back periods, a method of controlling the stop of the flow of a casting during the stopping period of the withdrawing cycle so as to stop the flow of the casting within a predetermined period. The desired braking torque is calculated in consideration of the load variations due to the casting condition of the horizontal continuous casting machine and the braking torque is applied to the pinch roll shafts upon the termination of the withdrawing period thereby effecting the stop of the flow of the casting during the stopping period within the predetermined time.

Abstract: A method for controlling the billet pushing back length for a horizontal continuous casting system is disclosed wherein, for allowing stable formation of the billet shell, the billet is pushed or forced back towards the mold during the transient stop or halt cycle of the intermittent billet extracting process. The pushing or forcing back pressure executed by the pinch rolls in controlled for each extracting cycle in order that the billet is pushed or forced back towards the mold a preset length.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for removing fine cold shut cracks on a horizontally and continuously cast steel strand, using ejection of a plurality of metal shots, comprises: horizontally and intermittently withdrawing a cast steel strand from a horizontal mold by a plurality of cycles each comprising a pull and a push, cooling the cast steel strand in a cooling zone provided following the horizontal mold on the same horizontal level as that of the horizontal mold, increasing the temperature of the surface portion of the solidified shell of the cast steel strand in a heat-restoring zone provided following the cooling zone on the same horizontal level as that of the cooling zone, to soften the surface portion of the solidified shell of the cast steel strand, and then continuously ejecting a plurality of metal shots from a plurality of shooters in a shooting zone provided following the heat-restoring zone on the same horizontal level as that of the heat-restoring zone onto the cast steel strand, to weld fine cold

Abstract: A steel ingot having a still-liquid portion therein is charged into a soaking pit; then, said ingot is heated by injecting a fuel from a combustion unit of said soaking pit into said soaking pit with a constant and minimum fuel flow rate capable of holding a pit temperature higher by from 10 to 100.degree. C than the cold point temperature of said ingot at the completion of solidification of said still-liquid portion in said ingot, until said still-liquid portion in said ingot is completely solidified; and then, upon the completion of said solidification, the surface portions of said ingot are further heated up to above a prescribed temperature permitting rolling thereof by injecting a fuel from said combustion unit into said soaking pit with a constant fuel flow rate of at least 60% of the maximum fuel flow rate of said combustion unit, thereby reducing the fuel consumption in said soaking pit.