Abstract: A wave transmission medium includes an input port 3-1 and an output port 3-2. A field distribution 1 and a field distribution 2 are obtained by numerical calculations. The field distribution 1 is a field distribution of the propagation light (forward propagation light) launched into the input port 3-1. The field distribution 2 is a field distribution of the phase conjugate light (reverse propagation light) resulting from reversely transmitting from the output port side an output field that is expected to be output from the output port 3-2 when an optical signal is launched into the input port 3-1. According to the field distributions 1 and 2, a spatial refractive index distribution is calculated such that the phase difference between the propagation light and reverse propagation light is eliminated at individual points (x, z) in the medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing bitterness of bitter drugs, which does not cause delay of release rate, does not show reduction of bioavailability in comparison with conventional pharmaceutical preparations and, due to the use of additives generally used in the field of pharmaceutical preparation, has high practical value, and to intrabuccally quick disintegrating tablets having reduced bitterness of bitter drugs. Illustratively, it relates to an intrabuccally quick disintegrating tablet which comprises a bitter drug and a water-insoluble substance having an average particle size of 30 ?m or less, wherein the water-insoluble substance disperses as particles on the tongue surface prior to the release of the bitter drug.

Abstract: A small, low power consumption light amplifier using stimulated Raman scattering is provided. A Raman active section 18 and a rough surface metal part 21 are provided on one end face of an optical fiber 11, excitation light is irradiated onto the rough surface metal part 21, surface plasmon is generated and signal light 15 is amplified into amplified signal light 16 using stimulated Raman scattering in the interface between the rough surface metal part 21 irradiated with the signal light 15 which has propagated through the core 12 and the Raman active section 18.

Abstract: A recording/reproduction element is mounted on a magnetic head slider via a piezoelectric element so that a displacement of the piezoelectric element performs fine control of the position of the recording/reproduction, thus enabling fine spacing and high track positioning accuracy. This improves linear recording density and track density. A pair of electrodes are formed on both sides of a piezoelectric element to constitute a piezoelectric actuator. One electrode is arranged opposite the rear surface (air flow out end) of a magnetic head slider 11. A recording/reproduction element is arranged on and electrically insulated from the other electrode. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric element displaced in a spacing direction, enabling fine spacing control, a piezoelectric element displaced in the track direction, enabling a fine track position control, and a piezoelectric element displaced in a magnetic disc rotation direction, enabling reduction of jitter of a reproduction signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition useful for rapid disintegration, which comprises a sparingly soluble medicament held on a gel-forming water-soluble polymer as a solid dispersion, wherein it contains a salt substance that comprises an alkali and a weak or strong acid and has an endothermic standard enthalpy of solution or heat of solution. Since rapid disintegration of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and rapid dissolution of the medicament contained in the preparation can be made in the digestive tracts pH-independently, good bioavailability can be attained.

Abstract: An information recording/reproduction head has a slider (8) having a rail (10) provided with a groove (11), which is coated with a hydrophilic surface treatment agent (12). The rail (10) is provided at a corner thereof with a part having a radius of curvature smaller than the half diameter of a dust cluster multiplied by a predetermined constant. No dust is allowed to adhere to the head when the recording medium is driven to revolve. Dust is prevented from adhering to the surface of the recording medium and entering the gap between the head and the recording medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity, comprising: a mixture, comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B), and after it is forming a tablet, it is humidified and dried. In particularly, the present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity comprising: a mixture; comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B) which an amorphous-forming sugar in crystalline state is dissolved in a medicinally permitted solvent, the amorphous sugar is obtained from this solution by removing the solvent, and after it is forming a tablet, and it is humidified and dried. The tablet in the present invention is to provide stability against moisture at preserved, because the amorphous sugar changed to the crystalline state in a nonreversible reaction after it is humidified and dried in a manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition useful for rapid disintegration, which comprises a sparingly soluble medicament held on a gel-forming water-soluble polymer as a solid dispersion, wherein it contains a salt substance that comprises an alkali and a weak or strong acid and has an endothermic standard enthalpy of solution or heat of solution. Since rapid disintegration of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and rapid dissolution of the medicament contained in the preparation can be made in the digestive tracts pH-independently, good bioavailability can be attained.

Abstract: An image display medium including: a pair of electroconductive layers, at least one of which is light-transmissive and which are opposed to each other to form a cell; and a dispersion contained in the cell and including a silicone oil; a colored particulate material dispersed in the silicone oil; and a polymer soluble in the silicone oil. The polymer preferably includes units obtained from a monomer having an acidic group or a basic group and a monomer having the following formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer; and x is an integer of from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A recording/reproduction element is mounted on a magnetic head slider via a piezoelectric element so that a displacement of the piezoelectric element performs fine control of the position of the recording/reproduction, thus enabling fine spacing and high track positioning accuracy. This improves linear recording density and track density. A pair of electrodes are formed on both sides of a piezoelectric element to constitute a piezoelectric actuator. One electrode is arranged opposite the rear surface (air flow out end) of a magnetic head slider 11. A recording/reproduction element is arranged on and electrically insulated from the other electrode. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric element displaced in a spacing direction, enabling fine spacing control, a piezoelectric element displaced in the track direction, enabling fine track position control, and a piezoelectric element displaced in a magnetic disc rotation direction, enabling reduction of jitter of a reproduction signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity, comprising: a mixture, comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B), and after it is forming a tablet, it is humidified and dried. In particularly, the present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity comprising: a mixture; comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B) which an amorphous-forming sugar in crystalline state is dissolved in a medicinally permitted solvent, the amorphous sugar is obtained from this solution by removing the solvent, and after it is forming a tablet, and it is humidified and dried. The tablet in the present invention is to provide stability against moisture at preserved, because the amorphous sugar changed to the crystalline state in a nonreversible reaction after it is humidified and dried in a manufacturing process.

Abstract: An electrophoretic composition in the form of a dispersion containing a dispersion medium, and electrophretic particles dispersed in the dispersion medium and having a color selected from white and non-white colors. The dispersion medium includes a non-polar solvent, a sulfonic acid compound soluble at least partly in said non-polar solvent, and a polymeric material soluble in said non-polar solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition which has excellent drug release-controlling ability in the mouth even 5 to 10 minutes after its administration and also has excellent drug releasing ability in the digestive tract without using capsules. It also relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition which comprises one or more drugs having a bitter taste, one or more solid proteins, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable polymer bases, wherein the proteins are present in the polymer bases preferably as particles.

Abstract: An electrophoretic composition in the form of a dispersion containing a dispersion medium, and electrophretic particles dispersed in the dispersion medium and having a color selected from white and non-white colors. The dispersion medium includes a non-polar solvent, a sulfonic acid compound soluble at least partly in said non-polar solvent, and a polymeric material soluble in said non-polar solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity, comprising: a mixture, comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B), and after it is forming a tablet, it is humidified and dried. In particularly, the present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity comprising: a mixture; comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B) which an amorphous-forming sugar in crystalline state is dissolved in a medicinally permitted solvent, the amorphous sugar is obtained from this solution by removing the solvent, and after it is forming a tablet, and it is humidified and dried.

Abstract: An image display medium including a pair of electroconductive layers, at least one of which is light-transmissive and which are opposed each other to form a cell; and a dispersion contained in the cell, wherein the dispersion includes a colored particulate material having at least one of an acidic group and a basic group; a hydrocarbon solvent; a resin soluble in the hydrocarbon solvent and having at least one of a basic group and an acidic group; and a compound having a nonionic polar group, and wherein when the particulate material has an acidic group, the resin has a basic group, and when the particulate material has a basic group, the resin has an acidic group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity, comprising: a mixture, comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B), and after it is forming a tablet, it is humidified and dried. In particularly, the present invention relates to a quick disintegrating tablet in buccal cavity comprising: a mixture; comprising a drug, a sugar (A), and an amorphous sugar (B) which an amorphous-forming sugar in crystalline state is dissolved in a medicinally permitted solvent, the amorphous sugar is obtained from this solution by removing the solvent, and after it is forming a tablet, and it is humidified and dried. The tablet in the present invention is to provide stability against moisture at preserved, because the amorphous sugar changed to the crystalline state in a nonreversible reaction after it is humidified and dried in a manufacturing process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing bitterness of bitter drugs, which does not cause delay of release rate, does not show reduction of bioavailability in comparison with conventional pharmaceutical preparations and, due to the use of additives generally used in the field of pharmaceutical preparation, has high practical value, and to intrabuccally quick disintegrating tablets having reduced bitterness of bitter drugs. Illustratively, it relates to an intrabuccally quick disintegrating tablet which comprises a bitter drug and a water-insoluble substance having an average particle size of 30 &mgr;m or less, wherein the water-insoluble substance disperses as particles on the tongue surface prior to the release of the bitter drug.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition which has excellent drug release-controlling ability in the mouth even 5 to 10 minutes after its administration and also has excellent drug releasing ability in the digestive tract without using capsules. It also relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition which comprises one or more drugs having a bitter taste, one or more solid proteins, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable polymer bases, wherein the proteins are present in the polymer bases preferably as particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition useful for rapid disintegration, which comprises a sparingly soluble medicament held on a gel-forming water-soluble polymer as a solid dispersion, wherein it contains a salt substance that comprises an alkali and a weak or strong acid and has an endothermic standard enthalpy of solution or heat of solution. Since rapid disintegration of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and rapid dissolution of the medicament contained in the preparation can be made in the digestive tracts pH-independently, good bioavailability can be attained.