Abstract: The benzylamine derivative represented by the formula below and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical containing the derivative or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for pollakiuria or urinary incontinence containing the derivative or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof are provided. The benzylamine derivative of the present invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof have less possibility of occurrence of side effects than known compounds, and show a better therapeutic effect against pollakiuria or urinary incontinence, so that they can be used as excellent therapeutic or prophylactic agents for pollakiuria or urinary incontinence.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical pickup corresponding to plural kinds of optical discs which can be downsized and simplified, and can compensate the spherical aberration. Optical path separation for separating the optical path of a first and a second optical beams as approaching beams to an optical disc 100 into optical paths directed to a first objective lens 51 and a second objective lens 52 corresponding to the optical beams, optical path combination for combining different optical paths of a first and a second reflected optical beams as returning beams which come in from the first and second objective lenses 51, 52, and approach-and-return optical path separation for separating the optical path of the approaching beam and the optical path of the returning beam are realized by the beam separation/composition prism 44.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical pickup corresponding to plural kinds of optical discs which can be downsized and simplified, and can compensate the spherical aberration. Optical path separation for separating the optical path of a first and a second optical beams as approaching beams to an optical disc 100 into optical paths directed to a first objective lens 51 and a second objective lens 52 corresponding to the optical beams, optical path combination for combining different optical paths of a first and a second reflected optical beams as returning beams which come in from the first and second objective lenses 51, 52, and approach-and-return optical path separation for separating the optical path of the approaching beam and the optical path of the returning beam are realized by the beam separation/composition prism 44.

Abstract: An optical pickup including: a light source; a diffractive element; an objective lens; and a photodetector, wherein the diffractive element has first to fourth areas provided with a predetermined periodic structure in each of the areas, the second and third areas have phases of the periodic structures of the second and third areas varied at an angle of about 180 degrees, the first area has a phase of the periodic structure in the first area varied from a phase of the periodic structure in the second area at an angle of about 180 degrees, and the fourth area has a phase of the periodic structure in the fourth area varied from a phase of the periodic structure in the third area at an angle of about 180 degrees. The optical pickup can obtain an excellent tracking error signal and improved amplitude when the objective lens is displaced.

Abstract: In a computer where a software development tool program is started, an updating elapse degree and an execution frequency for a series of source programs used for generating an execution module are acquired. An optimization option of the level according to the updating elapse degree or the execution frequency is set for each of the source programs. Compiling accompanied by the optimization of the level indicated by the optimization option is performed for each of the source programs. Object programs created by the compiling are coupled.

Abstract: A reflective surface for detection is provided in an object being detected. Laser light condensed by a condensing lens is emitted from a laser light source and angle detection is performed by performing angle detection of the reflected light. The reflected light is irradiated onto a beam splitter and the optical path thereof is split by an optical path splitting surface to form luminous flux spots on light receiving surfaces of two four section light receivers. Optical path lengths from the reflective surface for detection to the respective light receiving surfaces are changed enabling the angle detection sensitivity to be altered. In an angle detection apparatus, an optical signal switch system, and an information recording and reproduction system, it is possible to make multiple detections of an inclination angle of a detection object using a compact structure.

Abstract: A reflective surface for detection is provided in an object being detected. Laser light condensed by a condensing lens is emitted from a laser light source and angle detection is performed by performing angle detection of the reflected light. The reflected light is irradiated onto a beam splitter and the optical path thereof is split by an optical path splitting surface to form luminous flux spots on light receiving surfaces of two four section light receivers. Optical path lengths from the reflective surface for detection to the respective light receiving surfaces are changed enabling the angle detection sensitivity to be altered. In an angle detection apparatus, an optical signal switch system, and an information recording and reproduction system, it is possible to make multiple detections of an inclination angle of a detection object using a compact structure.