Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method of making same. The device, which includes a first substrate; a first orientation polymer film, disposed on the first substrate, having at least one segment whose molecules are aligned in a linear direction; a second substrate; a second orientation polymer film disposed on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second orientation films, is fabricated in a method which includes applying a polymer to a first substrate to form a polymer film; rubbing the first substrate to form a polymer orientation film; irradiating, with a linear polarized electromagnetic wave, at least one segment of the first substrate on which rubbing has occurred; repeating the procedure conducted on the first substrate to a second substrate to form a second polymer orientation film; and introducing a liquid crystal between the first and second polymer orientation films.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided. The cathode active material is a composite oxide with a spinel-type structure represented by the general formula Li.sub.2-x ?Mn.sub.2-y Li.sub.y !O.sub.4, wherein -0.1.ltoreq.x<1.0 and 0.3.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35 and wherein the ?Mn.sub.2-y Li.sub.y ! in the general formula is positioned at an octahedral site coordinated by cubic close-packed oxygen ions.

Abstract: Cement comprising hydraulic cement and polymer precursor such as alcohol-soluble phenol resin precursor that is substantially anhydrous and generates water by polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to obtain an electrooptical device having a high response speed by using a spontaneously polarized ferroelectric liquid crystal. Spontaneously polarized ferroelectric liquid crystal in the smectic-A state is sealed into a proper transparent case. An electric field is applied perpendicularly to a light path direction so as to change the orientation directions of liquid crystal molecules, thereby changing the refractive index distribution. A liquid crystal electrooptical device having both deflection and focusing functions is provided by adjusting the shape of the electrodes while maintaining the polarization state of an input light beam.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a low manufacturing cost and a high energy density and being excellent in the high rate charge/discharge characteristic and in the characteristics in operation at high temperature provided by an improvement on its positive electrode active material is disclosed. The positive electrode active material comprises a specific compound wherein a part of nickel or lithium in LiNiO.sub.2 is substituted with another element in a specified range. The element for the substitution comprises Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Cr, B and Co which may be employed solely or in combination.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is disclosed which has an anode comprising a carbon material. The carbon material contains at least one of 7-35 wt % sulfur, 6.5-25 wt % oxygen and 10.5-18.3 wt % nitrogen, provided that if the carbon material contains at least two of these elements, the total amount of the elements does not exceed 35 wt %.

Abstract: A soluble polyimide solution is applied to the color filter substrate and the TFT substrate of a liquid crystal display. The lower half of the pixels in the color filter substrate and the upper half of the pixels in the TFT substrate are dried by heating by irradiating it with a laser beam. The remaining sections are thereafter dried naturally. The pretilt angle of the molecules of the liquid crystal material in contact with the sections dried by heating with the laser beam is small and the pretilt angle of the molecules which are in contact with the section dried naturally is large, enabling the viewing angle to be widened.

Abstract: Cement comprising hydraulic cement and polymer precursor such as alcohol-soluble phenol resin precursor that is substantially anhydrous and generates water by polymerization.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery comprises an active material represented by the formula Li.sub.x A.sub.1-y M.sub.y O.sub.2 (wherein A represents at least one transition element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, and Ni, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, In, Nb, Mo, W, Y, and Rh, and wherein 0.05.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.1, and 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.5), a binder, a conductive agent and a current collector. The binder is selected from the group consisting of a copolymer comprising a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a hexafluoropropylene unit, a copolymer comprising a vinylidene fluoride unit, a copolymer comprising a propylene unit and a tetrafluoroethylene unit, and a polymer comprising a trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane unit.

Abstract: Cement comprising hydraulic cement and polymer precursor such as alcohol-soluble phenol resin precursor that is substantially anhydrous and generates water by polymerization.

Abstract: A high-resistance transparent electrode is bonded on the opposite surface of a first glass substrate from a second glass substrate, and a low-resistance transparent electrode is bonded on the opposite surface of the second glass substrate from the first glass substrate. A pair of deflecting angle control electrodes are fixed to the high-resistance transparent electrode in parallel. A liquid crystal orientation film covers the high-resistance transparent electrode and the deflecting angle control electrodes, and another liquid crystal orientation film covers the low-resistance transparent electrode. Spacers are disposed in parallel between the liquid crystal orientation films, and the cell formed by the liquid crystal orientation films and spacers is filled with a nematic liquid crystal.

Abstract: A process of making a negative electrode for a storage battery including a positive electrode capable of being reversibly charged and discharged, a nonaqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt, and a negative electrode is provided. The negative electrode is made of an inorganic carbon material which has an improved surface having a specific surface area sufficiently large enough to store the largest possible amount of lithium ions therein to provide the largest possible charge and discharge capacitances for the storage battery. The electrode is made by adding an acid to an inorganic carbon containing material to form a mixture, heating the mixture for at least 10 hours to obtain a carbon material having a specific surface area of more than 8.0 m.sup.2 /g and forming the electrode using the carbon material.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode a double oxide of lithium and nickel wherein said double oxide is formed by burning a mixture of a nickel compound such as nickel carbonate, and a lithium compound such as lithium nitrate, at an atomic ratio of Li/Ni of from >1.0 to 1.4, in either air or oxygen, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to be embodied in both the anode and cathode. It comprises a mixture including, an active material having reversibility for charging and discharging, and a whisker which is chemically and electrochemically inert. Said active material is a substance capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium. Said mixture includes a binding agent and constitutes a solid structural body. Said whisker is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide whisker, silicon nitride whisker, potassium titanate whisker and aluminum borate whisker.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are a tetravinylpyrazine compound which has high light-emitting efficiency and thermal stability and which is represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R represents an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring; X represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a nitro group, an acyloxy group or an acyloxycarbonyl group; a method for preparing the tetravinylpyrazine; and electroluminescent elements and non-linear optical materials using the pyrazine compound.

Abstract: A process for the production of LiNi.sub.1-x Mn.sub.x O.sub.2 (0.005.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.0.45) as a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous lithium secondary cell comprising a) mixing aqueous solutions of a lithium salt, a nickel salt and manganese nitrate, b) heating with stirring the solution to dryness and c) pre-calcining from 250.degree. C. to 400.degree. C., grinding and mixing the product and finally calcining from 600.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided a secondary battery comprising a positive and a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode is made by dipping an electrode comprising a positive active material such as LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4, LiMnO.sub.2, LiCoO.sub.2, LiNiO.sub.2, LiFeO.sub.2 or .gamma.LiV.sub.2 O.sub.5, in a solution containing butyllithium, phenyllithium, or naphthyllithium. The negative electrode of the battery absorbs and desorbs lithium by charging and discharging, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a lithium salt. Also provided is a method of manufacturing a secondary battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte. The method comprises the steps of preparing an electrode group containing a positive electrode of LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4, LiMnO.sub.2, LiCoO.sub.2, LiNiO.sub.2, LiFeO.sub.2 or .gamma.-LiV.sub.2 O.sub.5, as the active material, and a negative electrode which absorbs and desorbs lithium by charging and discharging, with a separator therebetween.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises rechargeable positive and negative electrodes and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode comprises at least one selected from LiCo0.sub.2, LiMn.sub.2 0.sub.4 and LiNi0.sub.2 and the negative electrode consists most of alkai metals such as lithium, etc. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium salts and has concentration ranging from 0.002 to 1.0 mol/liter of at least one acid anhydride selected from acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phtalic anhydride and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling mutually exclusive resources and for preventing deadlocks in a multi-tasking computer system by generating a graph containing nodes to which are mapped the tasks included in a flow of processes and the critical resources which may be appropriated by at least one of the tasks. The nodes of tasks executed sequentially are arranged sequentially; the nodes of tasks executed in parallel are arranged in parallel with each other and each node of a critical resource is arranged in parallel with every node which may appropriate it. Every time a signal to being execution of a task is transmitted, a token is generated in the task node and the critical resource node is parallel with the task node.

Abstract: This invention relates to a negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that uses organic electrolyte made form an organic solvent solution of Li salt.More specifically speaking, a highly reliable non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is realized by employing a negative electrode of high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics, wherein an active material holder composed of powdered metal, carbon, sulfide, oxide, etc. absorbs Li by charge and desorbes it by discharge or wherein a suitable polymer is used as a binder of the mixture comprising said active material holder and a conductive material. This invention greatly improves capacity and charge and discharge cycle life of not only a coin type cell but also a cylindrical cell, in which a thin and long strip type electrode plate is used and cycle characteristics are more critical.