Abstract: A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with the first metal layer, a capacitor lower electrode on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer, a capacitor insulating film on the capacitor lower electrode, and a capacitor upper electrode on the capacitor insulating film. A distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic member having an excellent electroconductivity and being capable of forming a high quality electrophotographic image even in long-term use. The electrophotographic member comprises an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, the electroconductive layer containing a matrix polymer, and a specific imidazolium salt.

Abstract: There is provided a member for electrophotography, which contributes to formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive layer as an outermost layer, wherein the electro-conductive layer contains a resin having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation structure, an anion, and a specific carbon black.

Abstract: A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with the first metal layer, a capacitor lower electrode on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer, a capacitor insulating film on the capacitor lower electrode, and a capacitor upper electrode on the capacitor insulating film. A distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer.

Abstract: An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where ? represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and ? represents a standard deviation of the ratios, ?/? is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and ? is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 ?m on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing member includes an electro-conductive support and an electro-conductive layer provided on the support, wherein the electro-conductive layer has a matrix containing a first rubber and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix, and the domain contains a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent and when a frequency is log-log-plotted on a horizontal axis and an impedance is log-log-plotted on a vertical axis with respect to an impedance measured by applying an alternating current voltage having an amplitude of 1 V on the electro-conductive layer while changing a frequency between 1.0×10?2 Hz to 1.0×107 Hz under a specific environment, an inclination of an impedance on a high frequency side is ?0.8 or more and ?0.3 or less and an impedance on a low frequency side is 1.0×104? to 1.0×1011?.

Abstract: The electrophotographic member includes an electro-conductive substrate, a urethane resin having a structure of structural formula (1), an anion, and a resin particle, and has a protrusion derived from the resin particle on an outer surface thereof, the resin particle contains one or both of a urethane resin and a polyamide resin, the resin layer further contains carbon black, and the carbon black extracted from the resin layer has a BET specific surface area of 33 m2/g or more and 133 m2/g or less, and DBP absorption amount at a 70% torque value in DBP absorption measurement of 42 ml/100 g or more and 90 ml/100 g or less.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a magnetic tunnel junction element which prevents properties degradation due to hydrogen ions, and to which RIE processing that is capable of securing an etching shape is applied. A multilayer film which has a magnetic film and an oxidation film, of which a thickness of the magnetic film is 2 nm or less, and of which the magnetic film and the oxidation film have an interface in a film surface direction is generated, a mask layer that is patterned is formed on the multilayer film, etching is performed with respect to the multilayer film on which the mask layer is formed, by using a mixed gas of a hydrogen gas and a nitrogen gas as a reaction gas, and a ratio of a flow rate of the hydrogen gas to a flow rate of the mixed gas is 50% or less.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the embodiment includes first and second conductive layer; a silicon nitride layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; a silicon oxide layer between the silicon nitride layer and the second conductive layer; a silicon oxynitride layer between the silicon oxide layer and the second conductive layer; and a third conductive layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer electrically connected to the first and second conductive layer, a first tilt angle of a plane where the third conductive layer is in contact with the silicon oxynitride layer with respect to an interface between the silicon nitride layer and the silicon oxide layer is smaller than a second tilt angle of a plane where the third conductive layer is in contact with the silicon oxide layer with respect to the interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic member having excellent deformation recovery even when stored or used under a high temperature and high humidity environment, which is useful in forming a high-quality electrophotographic image; a process cartridge; and an electrophotographic apparatus. The electrophotographic member of the present invention includes a conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer; the electro-conductive layer including a resin synthesized from an ion conducting agent and a compound being able to react with the ion conducting agent; the ion conducting agent including a specific anion and a cation having at least three hydroxyl groups; the compound being able to react with the hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes a current estimation unit configured to output a detected current value corresponding to each of the three-phase AC currents based on the measured current value and rotor rotation angle information of the motor. The current estimation unit defines a phase whose duty ratio of a driving pulse supplied to an inverter circuit, which generates the three-phase AC currents, becomes more than or equal to an operation switching threshold as an estimation target phase, calculates, for the estimation target phase, an estimated current value based on a coefficient value, which is calculated from the measured current value by the current measurement unit in a period in which the duty ratio of the driving pulse is lower than the operation switching threshold, and the rotor rotation angle information, and outputs the calculated estimated current value as the detected current value of the estimation target phase.

Abstract: In a drive system including a battery, a power generation device (PGD) including a generator mounted to an engine shaft, and a drive device (DD) including a motor for driving a driven component, a drive controller performs a drive control for PGD and DD and a switching control for a switching device. During a parallel connection, respective high-voltage side terminals (HVTs) of PGD and the battery are connected to a HVT of DD, and respective low-voltage side terminals (LVTs) of PGD and the battery are connected to LVT of DD. During a series connection, HVT of any one of PGD and the battery is connected to HVT of DD, and LVT of another one of PGD and the battery is connected to LVT of DD, and terminals of PGD and the battery, which are not connected to DD, are connected to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic member having excellent deformation recovery even when stored or used under a high temperature and high humidity environment, which is useful in forming a high-quality electrophotographic image; a process cartridge; and an electrophotographic apparatus. The electrophotographic member of the present invention includes a conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer; the electro-conductive layer including a resin synthesized from an ion conducting agent and a compound being able to react with the ion conducting agent; the ion conducting agent including a specific anion and a cation having at least three hydroxyl groups; the compound being able to react with the hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic member having an excellent electroconductivity and being capable of forming a high quality electrophotographic image even in long-term use. The electrophotographic member comprises an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, the electroconductive layer containing a matrix polymer, and a specific imidazolium salt.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member that shows a small increase in electrical resistance value even when used under a low-temperature environment. The electrophotographic member is an electrophotographic member including an electroconductive substrate and a resin layer on the electroconductive substrate, wherein the resin layer contains an anion, inorganic particles having a hydrophobicity degree of 40% or more and 80% or less, and a resin having a specific cation structure.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element that is adapted to suppress the degradation of magnetic properties of a magnetic tunnel junction layer due to plasma CVD layer formation and adapted for miniaturization. The MTJ element includes a magnetic tunnel junction layer (101, 102, 103) and a plurality of passivation layers formed on a side wall of the magnetic tunnel junction layer. The plurality of passivation layers are SiN layers formed under different plasma CVD layer forming conditions and include a first passivation layer 109 formed in direct contact with the magnetic tunnel junction layer. A hydrogen ion density or hydrogen ion energy of a layer forming condition for the first passivation layer is lower than a hydrogen ion density or hydrogen ion energy of a layer forming condition for the other of the plural passivation layers. The other passivation layers include a passivation layer, a nitrogen density of which is higher than a nitrogen density of the first passivation layer.

Abstract: A member for electrophotography includes a base, an elastic layer on the base, the elastic layer comprising a silicone rubber, and a resin layer on the elastic layer and containing a resin. The resin in the resin layer and a silicon atom in the silicone rubber contained in the elastic layer bond to each other with a linking group. The linking group has a particular structure, and the linking group has a molecular weight of 58 or more and 550 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a magnetic tunnel junction that simultaneously realizes removal of oxides on side walls of a magnetic layer and formation of a protective film and prevents deterioration of magnetic characteristics. The method includes: a first step 802 of etching a stacked film including a first magnetic layer, a MgO barrier layer, and a second magnetic layer stacked in order by plasma etching using an oxidizing gas to form the magnetic tunnel junction; and a second step 803 of simultaneously introducing an organic acid gas which is an n-valent acid and a precursor gas having a corresponding metal element valence of m, to form a first protective film on side walls of the magnetic tunnel junction. In the second step, the precursor gas is introduced at a molar ratio of n/m or more with respect to 1 mole of the organic acid gas introduced.

Abstract: There is provided a member for electrophotography, which contributes to formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive layer as an outermost layer, wherein the electro-conductive layer contains a resin having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation structure, an anion, and a specific carbon black.

Abstract: The electrophotographic member includes an electro-conductive substrate, a urethane resin having a structure of structural formula (1), an anion, and a resin particle, and has a protrusion derived from the resin particle on an outer surface thereof, the resin particle contains one or both of a urethane resin and a polyamide resin, the resin layer further contains carbon black, and the carbon black extracted from the resin layer has a BET specific surface area of 33 m2/g or more and 133 m2/g or less, and DBP absorption amount at a 70% torque value in DBP absorption measurement of 42 ml/100 g or more and 90 ml/100 g or less.