Abstract: A recording medium comprising a substrate and a transfer recording layer containing a photo-initiator comprising camphorquinone and a coumarin derivative. Such photo-initiator aids in realizing high sensitivity without lowering storage stability of the recording medium. The transfer recording layer causes a change in transfer characteristic when provided with light energy and heat energy, at least one of which is applied imagewise, to provide a transferable portion therein. The transferable portion is then transferred to a transfer-receiving medium such as plain paper to form a transferred image thereon.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus adapted for illuminating a subject with light comprises a plurality of fluorescent substances each having a different spectral characteristic, a drive device for repetitively locating the fluorescent substances at a predetermined position and a light source for illuminating the fluorescent substances. The illumination apparatus further includes a slit for focusing light on a subject to be illuminated. When the illumination apparatus is incorporated as a transfer section into a recording system such as a facsimile and a copying machine, the fluorescent substances are alternatively positioned at a predetermined location to illuminate a recording sheet, thus making it possible to obtain a clearly recorded image with high precision and at high speed.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image recording apparatus having conveying means for conveying a transfer recording medium having a transfer recording layer whose transfer characteristic is varied by first energy and second energy being imparted thereto, a recording unit having first energy imparting means for imparting the first energy to the transfer recording medium and second energy imparting means for imparting the second energy to the transfer recording medium provided along the conveyance route of the transfer recording medium conveyed by the conveying means, a transfer unit for transferring an image formed on the transfer recording medium in the recording unit to a recording medium, and applying means for applying predetermined heat energy and a shearing force to the recording medium to which the image has been transferred in the transfer unit.

Abstract: A charging device for forming a latent image of high precision includes plural electron beams generated by plural solid state beam sources, which are independently controlled by plural accelerating electrodes by independently variable voltages.

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes: a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between a pair of substrates; provision for applying an alternating voltage sufficient to render the ferroelectric liquid crystal turbid; and provision for superposing a DC voltage on the alternating voltage. A portion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal rendered turbid through the application of an alternating voltage is selectively caused to have an increased transmittance when superposed with a DC voltage.

Abstract: An image-recording apparatus which comprises:(a) an image-recording medium comprising a pair of substrates and a thermo-optical liquid crystal provided between the pair of the substrates,(b) a heating means for uniformly heating the liquid crystal up to obtain an isotropic phase,(c) a means for applying an electrical field to the liquid crystal, and(d) a writing means for conducting writing by locally heating the image-recording medium.

Abstract: A method for developing electrostatic latent images formed on an electrostatic image bearing member, particularly by a thin and uniform layer of toner formed on a toner carrying member. In the method, good images can be stably obtained by controlling the packing density within the range of 0.1 to 0.6 g/cm.sup.3 with respect to the toner layer carried on the toner carrying member at the developing station.

Abstract: A triboelectrically chargeable composition for use in development of electrostatic latent images. The composition contains a substituted guanidine compound having at least one substituent group. The substituted guanidine compound is preferably one represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different groups including hydrogen atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, and heterocyclic groups, of which a hydrogen atom may be further replaced by a substituent group, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is a group other than hydrogen. The composition is embodied typically as a positively chargeable toner and also as a charge-imparting material for charging a toner.

Abstract: A developer for electrostatography containing a positive charge controlling agent comprising fumed silica particles treated with a silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent and controlled to an appropriate degree of hydrophobicity has a stable and sharp distribution in amount of positive triboelectric charges under a variety of conditions including higher temperature-higher humidity or lower temperature-lower humidity conditions. This developer is useful particularly in an electrophotographic process employing a developer carrying member for charging of the developer.

Abstract: A method for applying a toner comprising: forming, in a container containing a toner and magnetic particles for application of the toner, a magnetic brush of the magnetic particles; circulating the magnetic particles in the container; and forming a thin layer of the toner electrically charged on the toner carrying member; wherein the magnetic particles have a particle size distribution of 30 wt. % or more in the range of 150 to 200 mesh and 5 wt. % or less of under 250 mesh, and the weight ratio of the toner to the magnetic particles is from 5:95 to 50:50 in the region where the magnetic brush is formed.

Abstract: A method for applying a toner comprising: forming, in a container containing a toner and magnetic particles for application of the toner, a magnetic brush of the magnetic particles; circulating the magnetic particles in the container; forming a thin layer of the toner electrically charged on the toner carrying member, wherein the magnetic particles have been treated with a substance A having a position opposite to that of the toner in the triboelectric series with the material constituting at least the surface of the toner carrying member as the standard substance and with a substance B having a position between the substance A and the toner in the triboelectric series.

Abstract: A thin developer layer forming apparatus including a developer supply container, having an opening, for containing a developer and magnetic particles, an endlessly movable developer carrying member for carrying the developer, which is movable between an inside of the developer supply container and an outside of the developer supply container through the opening, a magnetic particle confining member, provided to an outer surface of the developer carrying member with a gap, and a magnet for generating a fixed magnetic field, having a magnetic pole disposed inside of the carrying member and upstream of the confining member with respect to movement of the developer carrying member, wherein the confining member is inclined toward downstream with respect to the movement of the developer carrying member to confine the magnetic particles within the developer supply container and to apply only the developer on the developer carrying member.

Abstract: A method for coating of a developer comprises using a device having a vessel for storing a non-magnetic developer and magnetic particles, a developer holding member which conveys with rotation the non-magnetic developer to a latent image bearing member, a regulating member positioned on the side of the outlet of the above vessel for feeding the non-magnetic developer and arranged on the developer holding member with a gap formed therebetween, and a magnetic pole arranged on the side opposite to the regulating member through the intermediary developer holding member for forming a magnetic brush with the magnetic particles on the upstream side of the regulating member on the developer outlet side of said vessel; andforming a thin layer of the non-magnetic developer on the developer holding member, said magnetic particles having a magnetization of 30 emu/g or higher in the external magnetic field of 5000 oersted.

Abstract: A developer contains a silicone oil which has an amine on side chain thereof, a development process comprises arranging a member holding an electrostatic image on the surface and a member for carrying a toner on the surface and a fixing method comprises contacting a toner image on an image-supporting member with a heated roller, said toner image being formed of a toner which contains a silicone oil having an amine on side chain thereof and has an MI of 0.01-10 g/10 min.

Abstract: A thin layer of triboelectrically charged toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is formed by forming a magnetic brush of magnetic particles in a container containing the toner and the magnetic particles, and circulating the magnetic brush in the container on a toner carrying member. In this case, a uniform layer of toner adapted for development is obtained, if the magnetic particles have specific shape characteristics such that, where each magnetic particle is assumed to be circumscribed with a rectangular parallelopiped having edge length of a, b and c satisfying a.gtoreq.b.gtoreq.c with the proviso that all of a, b and c are not the same, the average of b/a is from 0.4 to 1.0 and the average of c/a is from 0.4 to 0.95.

Abstract: A microcapsule toner for pressure fixing, comprising a core material containing a pressure-fixable component and a magnetic material, a first shell layer comprising a formaldehyde copolymer resin and a second shell layer comprising a polymer soluble in an organic solvent provided successively by coating therearound. This microcapsule, since a pressure-fixable core material is successively coated with a lipophobic first shell layer and a lipophilic second shell layer, has well-balanced pressure fixing characteristic and developing characteristic without core material exposed on the surface.

Abstract: As a developer for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc., there is employed a developer containing a finely divided silicic acid which is a finely divided silicic acid synthesized by a wet process and has a pH value of 6 to 11 when suspended at a concentration of 4% by weight in distilled water and the developer can be positively charged strongly and uniformly to visualize the negative electrostatic images, giving a high quality image.