Abstract: A zoom lens including in order from object side to image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power that does not move for zooming; movable lens units including a lens unit having a negative refractive power; and a rear lens unit having a positive refractive power that does not move for zooming, in which an interval between lens units adjacent to each other changes for zooming, in which focal lengths of the zoom lens when focused on an infinity object at the wide angle end and at the telephoto end, a focal length of the first lens unit, and an F-number at maximum aperture of the zoom lens at the wide angle end are appropriately set, in which the rear lens unit includes a plurality of negative lenses formed of a material whose refractive index with respect to d-line and first partial dispersion ratio are appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a subsequent unit including a plurality of lens units, The first lens unit is configured not to move for zooming. A distance between each pair of adjacent lens units changes in zooming. The subsequent unit includes, in order from the image side to the object side, a lens having a positive refractive power and configured not to move for zooming, a moving positive lens unit consisting of one or two lenses, having a positive refractive power, and configured to move in zooming, and a diaphragm configured to move in zooming. The diaphragm is closer to the object side at the wide-angle end than at the telephoto end. A predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and configured not to move for zooming; three or four moving lens units configured to move in zooming; an aperture stop; and one or two rear lens units including a rear lens unit closest to the object side and configured not to move for zooming. An interval between each pair of adjacent lens units is changed in zooming. The three or four moving lens units include a moving lens unit having a negative refractive power. The three or four moving lens units include a rear positive lens unit closest to the image side and having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes three positive lenses. Conditional expressions are satisfied by the zoom lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a subsequent unit including a plurality of lens units, The first lens unit is configured not to move for zooming. A distance between each pair of adjacent lens units changes in zooming. The subsequent unit includes, in order from the image side to the object side, a lens having a positive refractive power and configured not to move for zooming, a moving positive lens unit consisting of one or two lenses, having a positive refractive power, and configured to move in zooming, and a diaphragm configured to move in zooming. The diaphragm is closer to the object side at the wide-angle end than at the telephoto end. A predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, from the object side, a positive first lens unit not moving for zooming, a negative second lens unit moving for zooming, and a positive third lens unit moving for zooming. The second lens unit includes a negative lens closest to the object side, the third lens unit consists of a 3-1 sub-lens unit and a 3-2 sub-lens unit from the object side. Conditional expressions ?18.0<f1/f2<?3.0, 0.2<f21/f2<3.6, ?0.95<f21/r2<?0.25, 7.0<?2t/?2w<125.0, and 0.3<f31/f32<2.5, are satisfied where f1, f2, and f21 are the focal lengths of the first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the negative lens, r2 is an image-side radius of curvature of the negative lens, ?2w and ?2t are the lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at the wide angle end and the telephoto end, and f31 and f32 are the focal lengths of the 3-1 sub-lens unit and the 3-2 sub-lens unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes in order from object side: a positive first unit not moving for zooming; a negative second unit moving in an optical axis direction for zooming; a positive M unit moving in the optical axis direction for zooming; and a positive R unit disposed closest to the image side, wherein the first unit includes a subunit moving for focusing, wherein the zoom lens includes an aperture stop closer to the image side than the second unit, wherein a length on the optical axis from a surface of the R unit closest to the object side to a surface of the R unit closest to an image side, a length on the optical axis from the surface of the R unit closest to an image side to a rear principal point of the R unit, and a back focus of the zoom lens are defined.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process for obtaining a first preform from a billet, a second preforming process for obtaining a final preform from the first preform, and a finish forging process for forming the final preform into a finishing dimension of a forged crankshaft. In the first preforming process, a plurality of flat parts are formed by pressing pin-corresponding parts and journal-corresponding parts in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the billet. The second preforming process includes: a process of pressing regions to be a plurality of journals with a width direction of the flat part as a pressing direction by using a pair of first dies; and a process of, after starting pressing by the first dies, decentering regions to be a plurality of pins with the width direction of the flat part as a decentering direction by using second dies.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for coloring without any problem with waste water or stability of color development or deposition. A plating solution for coloring characterized by containing a molybdate and a carboxylic acid having one or more carboxyl groups and one or more hydroxy groups and having two or more carbon atoms or a salt thereof, and having a pH of 4.5 to 7.5. A method for coloring a member to be plated characterized by electrolyzing the member to be plated as a cathode in this plating solution for coloring.

Abstract: A trivalent chromium plating solution containing a trivalent chromium compound, a complexing agent, a conductive salt, and a pH-buffering agent, and further containing an organic compound having 2-4 carbon atoms and three or more chloro groups, and a trivalent chromium plating method using the same provide a practical trivalent chromium plating with enhanced corrosion resistance as compared to the ordinary trivalent chromium plating.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens including, in order from object side: a positive first unit configured not to be moved for zooming; one or two negative second units configured to be moved for zooming; a stop configured to reduce an outer part of an off-axis light; two or three third units configured to be moved for zooming; and a fourth unit, in which focal lengths of the first unit and the second units, a distance on an optical axis from the stop to a vertex of a surface closest to the object side in the third units under a zoom state in which F-drop starts, and a distance on the optical axis from a vertex of a surface closest to the image side in the second units to the vertex of the surface closest to the object side in the third units under the zoom state are appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and configured not to be moved for zooming, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power and configured to be moved for zooming, and a rear lens group including at least one lens unit. The first lens unit includes at least six lenses, a lens closest to the object side included in the first lens unit is a negative lens, and the zoom lens satisfies conditional expressions: ?1.65<f1n/f1<?1.10; 37<?1n<48; and 87<?pave<100, where f1n is a focal length of the negative lens, ?1n is an Abbe number of the negative lens with respect to d-line, f1 is a focal length of the first lens unit, and ?pave is an average of Abbe numbers of positive lenses included in the first lens unit with respect to d-line.

Abstract: A trivalent chromium plating solution that does not cause the problems including the occurrence of deposition failure of the plating and color unevenness, such as a brown stripe pattern, in the plating even though a metal impurity is incorporated into the plating solution, and a trivalent chromium plating method are provided by a trivalent chromium plating solution containing a trivalent chromium compound, a chloride as a conductive salt, a pH buffering agent, and a complexing agent, further containing an unsaturated sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formula (1) (wherein in the formula (1), R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 10, hydrogen, or a halogen; R2 represents nothing or a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 10; and X represents hydrogen or an alkali metal), and a trivalent chromium plating method using the same.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process, a second preforming process, and a finish forging process. In the first preforming process, while a plurality of flat parts are formed, a region to be a second pin is decentered. The second preforming process includes: a process of pressing each region to be a plurality of journals in a pressing direction corresponding to a width direction of the flat part by using a pair of second dies; and a process of, after starting the pressing by the second dies, decentering a region to be a first pin and to be disposed in a first position and a region to be a third pin and to be disposed in a third position from each other in opposite directions with a width direction of the flat part being as a decentering direction by using third dies.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process for obtaining a first preform from a billet, a second preforming process for obtaining a final preform from the first preform, and a finish forging process for forming the final preform into a finishing dimension of a forged crankshaft. In the first preforming process, a plurality of flat parts are formed by pressing pin-corresponding parts and journal-corresponding parts in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the billet. The second preforming process includes: a process of pressing regions to be a plurality of journals with a width direction of the flat part as a pressing direction by using a pair of first dies; and a process of, after starting pressing by the first dies, decentering regions to be a plurality of pins with the width direction of the flat part as a decentering direction by using second dies.

Abstract: A trivalent chromium plating solution having a high plating deposition rate and being practical is provided with a trivalent chromium plating solution containing a trivalent chromium compound, a complexing agent, potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate as a conductive salt, a pH buffer, and a sulfur-containing organic compound, containing a carboxylic acid having two or more hydroxy groups and two or more carboxy groups or a salt thereof as the complexing agent, and containing a combination of saccharin or a salt thereof and a sulfur-containing organic compound having an allyl group as the sulfur-containing organic compound.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and configured not to move for zooming; three or four moving lens units configured to move in zooming: an aperture stop: and one or two rear lens units including a rear lens unit closest to the object side and configured not to move for zooming. An interval between each pair of adjacent lens units is changed in zooming. The three or four moving lens units include a moving lens unit having a negative refractive power. The three or four moving lens units include a rear positive lens unit closest to the image side and having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes three positive lenses. Conditional expressions are satisfied by the zoom lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from the object side, a positive first lens unit not moving for zooming, a negative second lens unit moving for zooming, positive third and fourth lens units moving for zooming, and a positive fifth lens unit not moving for zooming. Intervals between adjacent ones of the first to fifth lens units change for zooming. The third lens unit consists of positive, positive, and negative lenses in order from the object side. Appropriate settings are made to the zoom lens's focal lengths at the wide angle and telephoto ends, the lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at the wide angle and telephoto ends, the focal lengths of the third lens unit and the negative lens in the third lens unit, and the average Abbe number of the positive lenses and the Abbe number of the negative lens in the third lens unit.

Abstract: According to a chromium plating product including a substrate, a glossy nickel plating layer formed on the substrate, a nickel plating layer containing titanium formed on the glossy nickel plating layer, and a trivalent chromium plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer containing titanium and having a microporous structure, the chromium plating product includes the trivalent chromium plating layer as the exterior, and has high corrosion resistance. Further, the control of a plating solution and plating conditions for obtaining the same is easy.

Abstract: Provided are a copper-iron alloy electroplating solution containing divalent copper ions, trivalent iron ions, and an organic compound having a carboxy group, and a technique for producing a copper-iron alloy through a method other than a melting method by an electroplating method using the copper-iron alloy electroplating solution.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process, a second preforming process, and a finish forging process. In the first preforming process, while a plurality of flat parts are formed, a region to be a second pin is decentered. The second preforming process includes: a process of pressing each region to be a plurality of journals in a pressing direction corresponding to a width direction of the flat part by using a pair of second dies; and a process of, after starting the pressing by the second dies, decentering a region to be a first pin and to be disposed in a first position and a region to be a third pin and to be disposed in a third position from each other in opposite directions with a width direction of the flat part being as a decentering direction by using third dies.