Abstract: A production method includes a preforming process, a forming process and a finish forging process. In the preforming process, an intermediate preform is formed from a billet. In the forming process, while each of a plurality of rough journals of the intermediate preform is held and pressed vertically by a pair of holding dies, rough pins are decentered in directions perpendicular to the pressing direction by the holding dies and an axial direction of the intermediate preform, and the intermediate preform is pressed in the axial direction of the intermediate preform. In the finish forging process, a final preform is placed such that the directions in which the rough pins are decentered are parallel to a horizontal direction, and the thus placed final preform is pressed vertically by a pair of pressing dies. The production method reduces the risk of occurrence of seams on a forged crankshaft.

Abstract: A production method includes a preforming process, a forming process and a finish forging process. In the preforming process, an intermediate preform is formed from a billet. In the forming process, while each of a plurality of rough journals of the intermediate preform is held and pressed vertically by a pair of holding dies, rough pins are decentered in directions perpendicular to the pressing direction by the holding dies and an axial direction of the intermediate preform, and the intermediate preform is pressed in the axial direction of the intermediate preform. In the finish forging process, a final preform is placed such that the directions in which the rough pins are decentered are parallel to a horizontal direction, and the thus placed final preform is pressed vertically by a pair of pressing dies. The production method reduces the risk of occurrence of seams on a forged crankshaft.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens including, in order from object side: a positive first unit configured not to be moved for zooming; one or two negative second units configured to be moved for zooming; a stop configured to reduce an outer part of an off-axis light; two or three third units configured to be moved for zooming; and a fourth unit, in which focal lengths of the first unit and the second units, a distance on an optical axis from the stop to a vertex of a surface closest to the object side in the third units under a zoom state in which F-drop starts, and a distance on the optical axis from a vertex of a surface closest to the image side in the second units to the vertex of the surface closest to the object side in the third units under the zoom state are appropriately set.

Abstract: A method for producing a forged crankshaft includes: a clumping step of holding a first region by clumping a first region of a bar-like material by a pair of first dies, and a decentering step of decentering a second region of the bar-like material with second dies while the first region is held. The second region is a pin-corresponding part which is to be the pin. The first region is a crank arm-corresponding part which is to be the crank arm. The decentering direction by the second die is a direction perpendicular to each of the clumping direction of the first dies and the longitudinal direction of the bar-like material, and is the same direction as the decentering direction of the corresponding pin. This improves material yield while suppressing increase in the facility cost.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for coloring without any problem with waste water or stability of color development or deposition. A plating solution for coloring characterized by containing a molybdate and a carboxylic acid having one or more carboxyl groups and one or more hydroxy groups and having two or more carbon atoms or a salt thereof, and having a pH of 4.5 to 7.5. A method for coloring a member to be plated characterized by electrolyzing the member to be plated as a cathode in this plating solution for coloring.

Abstract: A forged crankshaft production method includes a first preforming step, a second preforming step, and a final preforming step. The first pair of dies includes web processing parts to come into contact with portions to be formed into arms and portions to be formed into weights integrated with the arms. Each of the web processing parts includes an arm processing part and a weight processing part. The arm processing part and the weight processing part form a recessed portion, and the width of the open side of the weight processing part becomes greater with increasing distance from the bottom of the recessed portion. Accordingly, in the blank, volume can be distributed between a portion to be formed into an arm and a portion to be formed into a weight integrated with the arm, and the material yield rate can be improved.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from the object side, a positive first lens unit not moving for zooming, a negative second lens unit moving for zooming, positive third and fourth lens units moving for zooming, and a positive fifth lens unit not moving for zooming. Intervals between adjacent ones of the first to fifth lens units change for zooming. The third lens unit consists of positive, positive, and negative lenses in order from the object side. Appropriate settings are made to the zoom lens's focal lengths at the wide angle and telephoto ends, the lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at the wide angle and telephoto ends, the focal lengths of the third lens unit and the negative lens in the third lens unit, and the average Abbe number of the positive lenses and the Abbe number of the negative lens in the third lens unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, from the object side, a positive first lens unit not moving for zooming, a negative second lens unit moving for zooming, and a positive third lens unit moving for zooming. The second lens unit includes a negative lens closest to the object side, the third lens unit consists of a 3-1 sub-lens unit and a 3-2 sub-lens unit from the object side. Conditional expressions ?18.0<f1/f2<?3.0, 0.2<f21/f2<3.6, ?0.95<f21/r2<?0.25, 7.0<?2t/?2w<125.0, and 0.3<f31/f32<2.5, are satisfied where f1, f2, and f21 are the focal lengths of the first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the negative lens, r2 is an image-side radius of curvature of the negative lens, ?2w and ?2t are the lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at the wide angle end and the telephoto end, and f31 and f32 are the focal lengths of the 3-1 sub-lens unit and the 3-2 sub-lens unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and configured not to be moved for zooming, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power and configured to be moved for zooming, and a rear lens group including at least one lens unit. The first lens unit includes at least six lenses, a lens closest to the object side included in the first lens unit is a negative lens, and the zoom lens satisfies conditional expressions: ?1.65<f1n/f1<?1.10; 37<?1n<48; and 87<?pave<100, where f1n is a focal length of the negative lens, ?1n is an Abbe number of the negative lens with respect to d-line, f1 is a focal length of the first lens unit, and ?pave is an average of Abbe numbers of positive lenses included in the first lens unit with respect to d-line.

Abstract: A forged crankshaft production method includes a first preforming step, a second preforming step, and a final preforming step. In the first preforming step, sectional areas of portions to be formed into pins and sectional areas of portions to be formed into journals are decreased, whereby flat portions are formed, and the portion to be formed into the pin located at a second position is decentered. In the second preforming step, a portion to be formed into the pin located at a first position is decentered, and a portion to be formed into the pin located at a third position is decentered to a side opposite to the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position. In a blank obtained thereby, portions to be formed into pins have been reduced and decentered, and the material yield rate can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process, a second preforming process, a final preforming process, and a finish forging process. In the first preforming process, regions to be a pin and a journal are pressed respectively from a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the billet, thus reducing cross sectional areas of each region and forming a plurality of flat parts. In the second preforming process, the first preform is pressed in the pressing direction, which is a direction perpendicular to decentering direction of a region to be a second pin. In the final preforming process, the second preform is pressed from a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the second preform, and further a region to be a counterweight and a region to be a crank arm integrally including a counterweight are pressed in the axial direction of the second preform.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including first to fourth lens units having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers and a rear lens unit, which are arranged in order from object side to image side, in which: rear lens unit includes a negative front-side subunit and a positive rear-side subunit arranged in order from object side to image side; front-side subunit moves in a direction having a component perpendicular to optical axis; and front-side subunit includes at least one positive lens and at least one negative lens. A focal length of front-side subunit, a focal length of one positive lens of the at least one positive lens, a refractive index and an Abbe number of a material of the one positive lens, and a refractive index and an Abbe number of a material of one negative lens of the at least one negative lens are set appropriately.

Abstract: Provided is a production method, including a first preforming process, a second preforming process, a final preforming process, and a finish forging process. In the first preforming process, regions to be a pin and a journal are pressed respectively from a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the billet, thus reducing cross sectional areas of each region and forming a plurality of flat parts. In the second preforming process, the first preform is pressed in the pressing direction, which is a width direction of the flat parts. In the final preforming process, the second preform is pressed from a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the second preform, and further a region to be a counterweight and a region to be a crank arm integrally including a counterweight are pressed in the axial direction of the second preform.

Abstract: A forged crankshaft production method includes a first preforming step, a second preforming step, and a final preforming step. The first pair of dies includes web processing parts to come into contact with portions to be formed into arms and portions to be formed into weights integrated with the arms. Each of the web processing parts includes an arm processing part and a weight processing part. The arm processing part and the weight processing part form a recessed portion, and the width of the open side of the weight processing part becomes greater with increasing distance from the bottom of the recessed portion. Accordingly, in the blank, volume can be distributed between a portion to be formed into an arm and a portion to be formed into a weight integrated with the arm, and the material yield rate can be improved.

Abstract: A forged crankshaft production method includes a first preforming step, a second preforming step, and a final preforming step. In the first preforming step, sectional areas of portions to be formed into pins and sectional areas of portions to be formed into journals are decreased, whereby flat portions are formed, and the portion to be formed into the pin located at a second position is decentered. In the second preforming step, a portion to be formed into the pin located at a first position is decentered, and a portion to be formed into the pin located at a third position is decentered to a side opposite to the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position. In a blank obtained thereby, portions to be formed into pins have been reduced and decentered, and the material yield rate can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including first to fourth lens units having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers and a rear lens unit, which are arranged in order from object side to image side, in which: rear lens unit includes a negative front-side subunit and a positive rear-side subunit arranged in order from object side to image side; front-side subunit moves in a direction having a component perpendicular to optical axis; and front-side subunit includes at least one positive lens and at least one negative lens. A focal length of front-side subunit, a focal length of one positive lens of the at least one positive lens, a refractive index and an Abbe number of a material of the one positive lens, and a refractive index and an Abbe number of a material of one negative lens of the at least one negative lens are set appropriately.

Abstract: There is provided a distribution abnormality detecting device that detects a distribution abnormality of partitioned power with identification information, the distribution abnormality detecting device being configured to: determine that the distribution abnormality has occurred when an interval of the identification information detected during power distribution is different from an interval specified by the partitioned power.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in a process for purifying exhaust gas from a gasoline engine of the fuel-direct-injection type that varies, in response to changes in the air-fuel ratio, between a first exhaust-gas state featured by an air-fuel ratio in the vicinity of the stoichiometrical air-fuel ratio, and a second exhaust-gas state that forms a more oxidizing, low-temperature atmosphere and that is featured by an air-fuel ratio greater than the stoichiometrical air-fuel ratio, the catalyst being obtained by causing a noble metal and a rare-earth oxide and/or a transition metal to be carried by or to be mixed with a fire-resistant inorganic oxide.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to solve a problem in filling of a blind via or a through-hole with a conventionally used plating solution for tin or tin alloy plating where the filling itself cannot be achieved well, or even if the filling itself could be achieved, it takes an extremely long time. The electroplating solution for tin or tin alloy capable of solving the problem includes the following components (a) and (b): (a) a carboxyl group-containing compound, and (b) a carbonyl group-containing compound, a content of the component (a) being 1.3 g/L or more, and a content of the component (b) being 0.3 g/L or more.

Abstract: A method of purifying an exhaust gas, includes: disposing a NOx trapping catalyst in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, the NOx trapping catalyst including: a metal substrate including cells, a corner portion of each of cells having an acute angle; and a catalyst layer supported in the metal substrate and including a noble metal, a heat-resistant inorganic oxide and a NOx trapping material, the catalyst layer having pores formed by addition of a pore formation promoting material, and the NOx trapping catalyst: adsorbing NOx in the exhaust gas when an exhaust air-fuel ratio is in a lean state; and desorbing and reducing the adsorbed NOx when the exhaust air-fuel ratio is in a stoichiometric state or a rich state; and removing the NOx by the exhaust air-fuel ratio being shifted between the lean state and the rich state.