Abstract: A porous carbon sheet including at least carbon fibers, having a thickness of 30 to 95 ?m, a gas permeation resistance of 0.5 to 8.8 Pa, and a tensile strength of 5 to 50 N/cm, and a gas diffusion electrode substrate including a porous carbon sheet containing at least carbon fibers, at least one surface thereof having a microporous layer containing at least an electric conductive filler, the gas diffusion electrode substrate being dividable in the thickness direction into a smaller pore part and a larger pore part, the larger pore part having a thickness of 3 to 60 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of operating a fuel cell, which method enables a polymer electrolyte membrane to be humidified sufficiently under high-temperature conditions, and can obtain excellent power generation performance. The present invention is a method of operating a fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly containing an electrolyte membrane, catalyst layers, and gas diffusion layers, the method including a step of setting the operating temperature of the fuel cell at 100° C. or more, wherein, in the step, the relative humidity of supply gas to be supplied to the fuel cell is 70% or more, and the back pressure of the supply gas is 330 kPa or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode including a microporous layer, characterized in that the microporous layer includes at least a first microporous layer and a second microporous layer, wherein the first microporous layer contains a first hydrophobic polymer and is located on the outermost surface on one side of the microporous layer; wherein the second microporous layer contains a second hydrophobic polymer and is located on the outermost surface of the microporous layer on the side opposite to the first microporous layer, and is located on an outermost surface of the gas diffusion electrode; and wherein the first hydrophobic polymer is a resin having a melting point lower than the melting point of the second hydrophobic polymer. The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell, in which both high performance and durability are achieved.

Abstract: An information reading apparatus that is easy for a user to operate even if different functions are required for each situation is provided. A base module includes a control unit which performs control by using three functional modules assembled thereto, that is, a top module, a bottom module, and a back module, and a touch panel whose display content is controlled by the control unit. The top module is connected to a one end of the base module in the longitudinal direction, the bottom module is connected to the other end of the base module in the longitudinal direction, and the back module is connected to a rear side of the base module, which faces away from a display screen of a touch panel. The control unit recognizes each function on the basis of the information obtained from the three functional modules connected to the base module.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode comprising microporous layers on at least one side of an electrically conductive porous substrate, wherein said gas diffusion electrode has a thickness of 30 ?m to 180 ?m, said microporous layer has thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m, and when said surface of the microporous layer is observed for the area 0.25 mm2 for 4000 viewing areas, the number of the viewing areas having a maximal height Rz of not less than 50 ?m is, among the 4000 viewing areas, 0 viewing areas to 5 viewing areas. A gas diffusion electrode which satisfies both the prevention of the damage to an electrolyte membrane by a gas diffusing layer and the gas diffusivity of the gas diffusing layer, and exhibits good performance as a fuel cell.

Abstract: An implantable instrument includes a first housing having a front surface having an opening, a second housing having at least part embedded in a building member, a touch panel display, four antennas for wireless communication, and a control board. The second housing is disposed to face a rear surface of the first housing to form an accommodation space between the first housing and the second housing. The touch panel display includes: a display section having a plate-like shape; and a fixing member having a plate-like shape, being disposed to face a rear surface of the display section, and fixing the display section to the first housing. The touch pane display is disposed in the accommodation space so that the display section is visually perceivable through an opening. The antenna is disposed at a location not overlapping the fixing member in a thickness direction of the fixing member.

Abstract: A gas-diffusion electrode substrate includes an electrode substrate and a microporous layer (MPL) disposed on one surface of the electrode substrate, wherein the gas-diffusion electrode substrate has a thickness of 110 ?m or more and 240 ?m or less, and where a cross section of the gas-diffusion electrode substrate is divided into a part having the MPL and a part having no MPL, and the part having no MPL is further equally divided into a part (CP1 cross section) in contact with the MPL and a part (CP2 cross section) not in contact with the MPL, the CP1 cross section has an F/C ratio of 0.03 or more and 0.10 or less and the CP2 cross section has an F/C ratio less than 0.03, wherein F is a mass of a fluorine atom, and C is a mass of a carbon atom.

Abstract: An information reading apparatus that is easy for a user to operate even if different functions are required for each situation is provided. A base module includes a control unit which performs control by using three functional modules assembled thereto, that is, a top module, a bottom module, and a back module, and a touch panel whose display content is controlled by the control unit. The top module is connected to a one end of the base module in the longitudinal direction, the bottom module is connected to the other end of the base module in the longitudinal direction, and the back module is connected to a rear side of the base module, which faces away from a display screen of a touch panel. The control unit recognizes each function on the basis of the information obtained from the three functional modules connected to the base module.

Abstract: An implantable instrument includes a first housing having a front surface having an opening, a second housing having at least part embedded in a building member, a touch panel display, four antennas for wireless communication, and a control board. The second housing is disposed to face a rear surface of the first housing to form an accommodation space between the first housing and the second housing. The touch panel display includes: a display section having a plate-like shape; and a fixing member having a plate-like shape, being disposed to face a rear surface of the display section, and fixing the display section to the first housing. The touch pane display is disposed in the accommodation space so that the display section is visually perceivable through an opening. The antenna is disposed at a location not overlapping the fixing member in a thickness direction of the fixing member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode including a microporous layer, characterized in that the microporous layer includes at least a first microporous layer and a second microporous layer, wherein the first microporous layer contains a first hydrophobic polymer and is located on the outermost surface on one side of the microporous layer; wherein the second microporous layer contains a second hydrophobic polymer and is located on the outermost surface of the microporous layer on the side opposite to the first microporous layer, and is located on an outermost surface of the gas diffusion electrode; and wherein the first hydrophobic polymer is a resin having a melting point lower than the melting point of the second hydrophobic polymer. The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell, in which both high performance and durability are achieved.

Abstract: A spray nozzle (10) of a press apparatus includes a nozzle main body (11) having a through-hole (12), and a diffusion member (13) provided inside the through-hole (12). The diffusion member (13) includes a protruding portion (22) that diffuses coolant that flows through the through-hole (12), by interfering with the coolant.

Abstract: The invention enables quality of a pinhole image to be improved, any of myopia or hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia to be corrected and high functionality to attain.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode and a method for manufacturing the same, the gas diffusion electrode being used for a fuel cell and configured by forming a microporous layer containing conductive microparticles and water-repellent resin on at least one surface of a conductive porous base material, wherein the gas diffusibility in the thickness direction thereof is 30% or more, the conductive porous base material has a sliding angle of 70° or less and a porosity of 80% or more, and the microporous layer has a thickness of 10-50 ?m inclusive, and a porosity of 60-95% inclusive.

Abstract: A porous carbon sheet including at least carbon fibers, having a thickness of 30 to 95 ?m, a gas permeation resistance of 0.5 to 8.8 Pa, and a tensile strength of 5 to 50 N/cm, and a gas diffusion electrode substrate including a porous carbon sheet containing at least carbon fibers, at least one surface thereof having a microporous layer containing at least an electric conductive filler, the gas diffusion electrode substrate being dividable in the thickness direction into a smaller pore part and a larger pore part, the larger pore part having a thickness of 3 to 60 ?m.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode comprises microporous layers on at least one side of an electrically conductive porous substrate. The gas diffusion electrode has a thickness of 30 ?m to 180 ?m, and the microporous layer has a thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m. When the surface of the microporous layer is observed for the area 0.25 mm2 for 4000 viewing areas, the number of the viewing areas having a maximal height Rz of not less than 50 ?m is, among the 4000 viewing areas, 0 viewing areas to 5 viewing areas. A gas diffusion electrode satisfies both the prevention of the damage to an electrolyte membrane by a gas diffusing layer and the gas diffusivity of the gas diffusing layer, and exhibits good performance as a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell that is balanced between performance and durability. The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode having a microporous layer, wherein the microporous layer has at least a first microporous layer and a second microporous layer, the first microporous layer has a cross-sectional F/C ratio of 0.06 or more and 0.33 or less, the second microporous layer has a cross-sectional F/C ratio less than 0.06, and wherein the first microporous layer is equally divided into a part not in contact with the second microporous layer and a part in contact with the second microporous layer, in the equally divided first microporous layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel cell gas diffusion layer that satisfies both performances and durability. The present invention is a gas diffusion electrode having microporous layers on at least one side of an electrically conductive porous substrate, wherein the microporous layer has at least a first microporous layer in contact with the electrically conductive porous substrate, and a second microporous layer, wherein the second microporous layer is positioned as the outermost layer of the microporous layer, which second microporous layer contains an electrically conductive material having a linear portion.

Abstract: A fuel cell gas diffusion electrode medium has exceptional anti-flooding characteristic and anti-dry-out characteristic, the capability to achieve high cell performance across a wide temperature range from low to high temperatures, and exceptional mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, a microporous layer being arranged on one surface of an electrode base material; wherein the fuel cell gas diffusion electrode medium is characterized in that linear carbon having an aspect ratio of 30-5000 is included in the microporous layer, and the areal weight of the gas diffusion electrode medium is 30-60 g/m2.

Abstract: A gas-diffusion electrode substrate includes an electrode substrate and a microporous layer (MPL) disposed on one surface of the electrode substrate, wherein the gas-diffusion electrode substrate has a thickness of 110 ?m or more and 240 ?m or less, and where a cross section of the gas-diffusion electrode substrate is divided into a part having the MPL and a part having no MPL, and the part having no MPL is further equally divided into a part (CP1 cross section) in contact with the MPL and a part (CP2 cross section) not in contact with the MPL, the CP1 cross section has an F/C ratio of 0.03 or more and 0.10 or less and the CP2 cross section has an F/C ratio less than 0.03, wherein F is a mass of a fluorine atom, and C is a mass of a carbon atom.

Abstract: A porous carbon sheet contains a carbon fiber and a binding material, wherein layers are obtained in a section spanning from a plane closest to one of the surfaces and having 50% of the mean fluorine intensity to a plane closest to the other surface and having 50% of the mean fluorine intensity by dividing this section evenly into three in an orthogonal direction to the carbon sheet plane; among the layer close to one of the surfaces and the layer close to the other surface, the layer having the larger layer mean fluorine intensity is designated layer X, the layer having the smaller one is designated layer Y, and the layer between the layer X and the layer Y is designated layer Z; and the layer mean fluorine intensities decrease in the order: layer X, layer Y, and layer Z.