Abstract: A toner resin composition comprising a linear polyester resin (A) containing a C3 to C10 aliphatic diol component and a linear polyester resin (B) containing a C3 to C10 aliphatic diol component which differs from the linear polyester resin (A), or further comprising a vinyl-based resin (C), and a toner containing the toner resin composition as a binding resin. A toner excellent in low temperature fixability, offset resistance, gloss, etc. and excellent in range of fixing temperature can be obtained.

Abstract: One of silicon dioxide particles and an acid whose pKa in water at 25° C. is from 1.9 to 4.5 is mixed in a polymer solution, such that a first liquid may be obtained, and another one is added to the first liquid. Thus a dope is obtained. Otherwise, a solvent, silicon dioxide particles and an acid whose acid dissociation constant (pKa) in water at 25° C. is from 1.9 to 4.5 are mixed, such that a second liquid in which a concentration of said acid is 0.5 wt. % may be obtained. The second liquid is added to a polymer solution, and thus a dope is obtained. A cellulose acylate film produced from each dope can be peeled from a support adequately, and aggregation of the particles are reduced. Therefore, a film whose optical properties are excellent is produced at high speed.

Abstract: A solvent in which dichloromethane is mixed with alcohol as a poor solvent is used for preparing a dope. Alcohol is supplied to the dope in a inline pipe to mix with a static mixer, such as a casting dope in which a composition of alcohol is increased. The temperature of the rotary drum is adjusted to ?7° C. The casting dope is fed from a casting die to the rotary drum so as to form a casting film whose thickness is 40 ?m. Since the content of alcohol is high and a storage modulus of the cooled casting film is at least 150 thousands Pa, the peeling defect does not occur, and the stretch is reduced as far as possible. A gel-like film is dried by a tenter type drying device, and stretched such that the stretch ratio is at most 110%. The produced film is thin and excellent in a surface condition and optical isotropy.

Abstract: In a multi-layer structure of a cellulose acylate film, the averaged degree of acylation of surface layers is controlled in the range of 0.5 to 2.8 by mixing several sorts of cellulose acylates having different averaged degrees of acyation. One of the surface layers is formed on a substrate by casting a solution containing cellulose acylate made of cotton linter. Lubricant particles are added to a solution for the surface layers, and emission compounds to a solution for the inner layers. The obtained cellulose acylate film is excellent in adhesive property to the hydrophobic material without saponification, and adequately used for the polarizing filter, an optical compensation sheet, and liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A polyester resin for toner which is obtained through polymerization in the presence of a release agent ingredient with a melting point of 60-100° C. or a release agent ingredient comprising an alcohol component, and which has a softening temperature of 100-160° C., an acid value of 0.1-30 mgKOH/g and a glass transition temperature of 40-70° C.; a process for producing a polyester resin for toner which comprises conducting polymerization in the presence of a release agent ingredient with a melting point of 60-100° C. or a release agent ingredient comprising an alcohol component; and toner comprising the polyester resin. Toners with excellent non-offset properties and glosses are obtained.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a composition for recovering a liquid organic material comprising:I. about 1 to about 30 wt. % of at least one of (a) benzylidene sorbitol, benzylidene xylitol or derivatives thereof, (b) hydrogenated castor oil, (c) 12-hydroxystearic acid, (d) 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid and (e) an amide of the member (b), (c) or (d), the composition further comprisingII. about 15 to about 70 wt. % of a hydrophilic solvent serving as a good solvent for the component I, and/orIII. about 15 to about 80 wt. % of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic solvent having a solubility of up to 5 in water, cyclohexanone, alkylcyclohexanone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, the components II and III being conjointly present when the component I is the compounds under (a).With use of the composition of the invention, liquid organic materials over a body of water can be effectively gelled and collected with high recovery ratio and less water content.