Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording sheet whose area is larger than that of a predetermined size-fixed recording sheet, comprises an image forming member for forming an image on the recording sheet; a sheet feeder to feed the recording sheet to the image forming member; a controller to control the image forming member so as to form an image on the recording sheet such that a first central point of the recording sheet defined in terms of a main scanning direction perpendicular to a feeding direction of the recording sheet feeder is placed on a first center line of the image, wherein the first center line is perpendicular to the main direction, and one side of the image is parallel to one side of the recording sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image reading device for reading images on a document; an image recording device for recording images read by the image reading device on a recording material; an inputting device that makes it possible for an operator to select either area from plural imaginary areas established in advance and to adjust a position in the selected area, for setting, on a given position on the recording material, a recording position for additional information to be recorded on the recording material by the image recording device in addition to the images stated above; and a controller that controls the image recording device for recording the additional information on the recording position that is set by the inputting device.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image on a recording sheet comprises a jam data holder storing a predetermined number of jam occurrence data arranged in time sequence, whereby when the jam data holder receives the newest jam occurrence data, the jam data holder adds the newest jam occurrence data into the predetermined number of jam occurrence data and eliminates the oldest jam occurrence data from the predetermined number of jam occurrence data; a calculator for calculating jam occurrence frequency when the jam data holder receives the newest jam occurrence data, wherein the calculator references the jam occurrence data from the predetermined number of jam occurrence data stored in the jam data holder, calculates a number N of jam occurrences, the total sheet number T1 when the oldest jam occurrence was detected and the total sheet number T2 when the newest jam occurrence was detected and calculates a jam occurrence frequency based on the difference between the total sheet number T2 and the total sheet number T1

Abstract: A process for producing a fuel oil base material having a lower sulfur content than that of stock oil and a dry sludge content of 0.05 mass % or less, which involves hydrotreating the stock oil having a dry sludge content of 0 to 5.0 mass % and a sulfur content of 1.0 to 10 mass % in two stages is provided, wherein the temperature of first-stage hydrotreatment is 340.degree. to 450.degree. C. and the temperature of second-stage hydrotreatment is 200.degree. to 440.degree. C. and maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the first-stage hydrotreatment.

Abstract: A process for removing iron impurities, inter alia iron or iron compounds, from petroleum oil distillation residues is disclosed in which a high gradient magnetic separator incorporates a pack of ferromagnetic fillers in the form of a generally flat or curved sheet-like strip. The ferromagnetic filler is a Fe--Cr alloy of a selected composition and the strip is of selected geometric characteristics such that the rate of removal of iron impurities can be maintained substantially at a maximum throughout the separation mode of operation prior to and after washing of the ferromagnetic filler.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supply system for pre-treating a petroleum distillation residual oil to be fed to a hydrogenation apparatus. In order to remove iron fine particles having a particle size of less than 25.mu. in the feed oil which could be not removed in the prior art, by constituting a system comprising a heater for heating the feed oil to a given temperature by heat exchange with a high temperature bottom oil of a fractionating tower after hydrogenation treatment of the feed oil, a filter equipped with a back washing mechanism for filtering solid materials in the feed oil after heating, and a high gradient magnetic separator for magnetically separating magnetic iron fine particles having a particle size of less than 25.mu. contained in the feed oil.

Abstract: An automatic two-sided recording apparatus having an image forming station to form an image on a recording sheet and a sheet feeder to feed the recording sheets onto the station, includes an intermediate stacker having an inlet through which a recording sheet whose one side has been subjected to recording is stacked thereon by a switchback member provided adjacent to the inlet. The inlet is used also an outlet through which the recording sheet is fed out for recording on the other side thereof by the switchback member through a conveyor. The apparatus further includes a controller that switches between a stackless mode in which the switchback member feeds in the recording sheets the stacker and feeds out onto the station without stacking in the stacker, and a stack mode in which the switchback member feeds in and feeds out from the stacker onto the station after stacking in the stacker.

Abstract: A mirror smudge detecting apparatus for detecting a smudge on a mirror member used in an image forming apparatus such as a copier.

Abstract: An electric circuit provided with an abnormal condition detector for a motor, for use in a toner image forming apparatus, includes a current detection circuit for detecting a presence of a current when a power supply circuit is switched OFF; a test circuit for confirming a line connection between a control circuit and a switch by transmitting a test signal between the control circuit and the switch and a control circuit for determining an abnormal section causing an abnormal condition of a motor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for refining distillation residual fractions of a crude petroleum oil. The process employs a high gradient magnetic separator for magnetically depositing iron impurities from such distillation residual oil onto a ferromagnetic filler in the separator. The ferromagnetic filler is cleaned at predetermined intervals by a selected class of washing liquids so that the refining operation can be carried out continually.

Abstract: Lubricant base oils are made up essentially of 2-15% by weight of a total aromatics content, greater than 60% by weight of isoparaffins and monocyclic naphthenes in total, more than 30% by weight of alkylbenzenes in the total aromatics content and smaller than 4% by weight of tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatics in the total aromatics content. The base oil has great viscosity index, small pour point, high oxidative stability and heat stability and sufficient capability to dissolve sludge.

Abstract: A sheet feeder for stopping a conveyance of a sheet at a registration location. The sheet feeder includes: registration rollers, positioned at a registration location, for stopping a conveyance of a sheet; buckling rollers for conveying the sheet toward the registration rollers, and for conveying the sheet so that said sheet has a pressure contact with the pair of buckling rollers; a photosensor for detecting a leading edge of the sheet at a predetermined location, and for generating an edge detection signal; a driver for releasing the pressure contact of the sheet with the pair of buckling rollers; and a controller for controlling the driver to release said sheet based on the edge detection signal.

Abstract: A copying machine in which an image of a document placed on a platen is optically read and transferred on a transfer sheet sent out from a sheet feeding cassette. The temporary stop times of transfer sheets at the registration unit are averaged after transfer sheets in each sheet feeding cassette have been copied. The obtained average is compared with a predetermined reference value. The start of the sheet feeding operation by sheet feeding cassette is advanced in accordance with the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A recording sheet feeding device for use in an image forming machine, in which a plurality of sheets on which a first image has been recorded are successively fed from a sheet stacker for a second image to be formed, provided with a sheet pressing mechanism above the stacker which takes a pressing or a non-pressing position with respect to sheets on the stacker. While sheets are being conveyed to the stacker, a pressing operation on the sheets is conducted by driving the mechanism at least twice. Sheet feeding from the stacker is started after the first pressing operation of the mechanism. A feeding timing of the first sheet to be fed after a second pressing operation is delayed compared with a feeding timing of other sheets.

Abstract: A process for the production of a low-sulfur diesel gas oil having a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or lower and having a Saybolt color number of -10 or higher, from a petroleum distillate having a sulfur content of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight and having an inferior color and inferior oxidation stability comprises contacting the petroleum distillate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydro-treating catalyst which has at least one metal supported on said porous carrier, at a temperature of 350.degree. to 450.degree. C., and a pressure of 45 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 in the first step to thereby produce materials having a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or lower, and contacting further the materials issued from the first step with hydrogen in the presence of a hydro-treating catalyst which has at least one metal supported on said porous carrier, at a temperature of 200.degree. to 300.degree. C., and a pressure of 45 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 in the second step to thereby produce the finished low-sulfur diesel gas oil.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as a copier or a printer for forming an image of a document on a recording paper. The image forming apparatus includes a paper feed tray for holding the recording paper; a conveyance unit for conveying the recording paper from the paper feed tray; a image forming section for forming a toner image of the document onto the recording paper; a fixing unit for fixing the toner image on the recording paper; a detector for detecting a paper jam between the units, and for generating a detection signal; a locking member with a solenoid for locking one of the units in another; a controller for controlling the locking member according to the detection signal so that both of the units are resisted from being removed separately when the paper jam occurs between the units.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying machine capable of inserting an inter-sheet in a copy of a document. A width-detector is provided to detect the width of an inter-sheet contained in an inter-sheet tray. A judging circuit determines if the detected width of the inter-sheet is within an allowable width range. If the detected width is not within the allowable width range, the inter-sheet is inhibited from being fed and reminder information is displayed. If the inter-sheet is required to be blank with no image of the original recorded thereon, an automatic document feeder is controlled so as to stop feeding the original sheet while the inter-sheet is conveyed to be placed at the insert-page. The adjustment of copy image density, including scanning of the original sheet, is also stopped.

Abstract: A sheet alignment device to align the edges of recording sheets stacked on a sheet stacker of a duplex unit in a two-sided copying apparatus, in which a document image has been copied onto the first surface of the recording sheet and the recording sheet is reversed so that another document image can be copied onto the second surface of the recording sheet. The device has an edge pushing member which can be driven in the range from the maximum width to the minimum width of the recording sheets used in the apparatus in order to align the edges of the recording sheets, a driver which moves the edge pushing member in the width direction of the recording sheet, a detector which detects the width of the edge pushing member located in a home position, and a controller which controls the movement of the edge pushing member to the home position being narrower than the maximum size of recording sheet and wider than the minimum size, based on the result of the detection.

Abstract: The invention provides a copying apparatus for producing a required number of copy sets of two-sided copy from document sheets of an original by selecting one of ADF mode in which the required number of copy sets are produced simultaneously and RDH mode in which the required number of copy sets are produced one set by one set.

Abstract: An automatic document conveyer for use with a photoelectric copier which copies an image of a document at a platen of the photoelectric copier onto a copying sheet. The document conveyor includes a first conveyor part for conveying the documents one by one to the platen, and a second conveyor part for conveying the documents from the platen to the outside of the photoelectric copier after a copying operation. The first conveyor part conveys the documents at either a fast speed or a slow speed, and conveys the documents at the slow speed while a forwarded document is placed at the platen.