Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a gasket is disposed between joining surfaces of a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and a heat radiation rib that extends in a cylinder axis direction is formed on the cylinder block or the cylinder head. In such an internal combustion engine, the gasket includes: a portion to be sandwiched that is sandwiched between the joining surfaces; and an extending portion that protrudes toward an outside from the portion to be sandwiched as viewed in a cylinder axis direction.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and has a cam chain chamber on a side of the cylinder block, a beam member that traverses the cam chain chamber is disposed in the cam chain chamber.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and has a cam chain chamber on a side of the cylinder block, a beam member that traverses the cam chain chamber is disposed in the cam chain chamber.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and has a cam chain chamber on a side of the cylinder block, a beam member that traverses the cam chain chamber is disposed in the cam chain chamber.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a gasket is disposed between joining surfaces of a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and a heat radiation rib that extends in a cylinder axis direction is formed on the cylinder block or the cylinder head. In such an internal combustion engine, the gasket includes: a portion to be sandwiched that is sandwiched between the joining surfaces; and an extending portion that protrudes toward an outside from the portion to be sandwiched as viewed in a cylinder axis direction.

Abstract: A particle detecting device includes an inspection light source 30, which emits inspection light, a flow cell 40, which is irradiated with the inspection light, and an oval mirror 50, which has a first focal point at a position of the flow cell 40 and has a hole 51 at an apex of the oval mirror 50.

Abstract: A particle detecting device includes an inspection light source 30, which emits inspection light, a flow cell 40, which is irradiated with the inspection light, and an oval mirror 50, which has a first focal point at a position of the flow cell 40 and has a hole 51 at an apex of the oval mirror 50.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a reinforcing structure of a suspension arm, in which high rigidity capable of withstanding any input from a road surface or the like can be given to the suspension arm. In a vehicle suspension including a plurality of suspension arms, one ends of which being connected to a vehicle body of a vehicle and the other ends of which being connected to a knuckle, a control arm includes a main body and a pair of attachment portions provided at both ends of the main body. Each of the pair of attachment portions is provided with a substantially cylindrical through-hole for connection to the vehicle body or the knuckle. At least one of the pair of attachment portions is provided with an annular reinforcing member for reinforcing around the through-hole.

Abstract: A railway vehicle having a plurality of electrical circuits is presented herein. The railway vehicle comprises an external power supply connection portion; a contactor of a normally closed type that opens and closes a common line connecting the plurality of electrical circuits to a ground, the contactor opening the common line by receiving supply of electric power through the external power supply connection portion and closing the common line when no current is applied; and an operation prohibition determining unit that determines whether supply of electric power to the plurality of electrical circuits is stopped and that prohibits the contactor from opening the common line when the supply of electric power is not stopped.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a reinforcing structure of a suspension arm, in which high rigidity capable of withstanding any input from a road surface or the like can be given to the suspension arm. In a vehicle suspension including a plurality of suspension arms, one ends of which being connected to a vehicle body of a vehicle and the other ends of which being connected to a knuckle, a control arm includes a main body and a pair of attachment portions provided at both ends of the main body. Each of the pair of attachment portions is provided with a substantially cylindrical through-hole for connection to the vehicle body or the knuckle. At least one of the pair of attachment portions is provided with an annular reinforcing member for reinforcing around the through-hole.

Abstract: A flow cell includes a transparent planar member having a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to the first principal surface. The planar member has a through-hole that has a circular cross-sectional shape and that penetrates through the first principal surface and the second principal surface. The flow cell further includes a first lens element having a through-hole that has a circular cross-sectional shape. The first lens element is disposed on the first principal surface of the planar member such that the through-hole in the planar member communicates with the through-hole in the first lens element. The flow cell further includes a second lens element having a through-hole that has a circular cross-sectional shape. The second lens element is disposed on the second principal surface of the planar member such that the through-hole in the planar member communicates with the through-hole in the second lens element.

Abstract: A particle detector that includes an inspection light source that irradiates a flow cell with inspection light, the flow cell that allows a fluid containing a particle to flow therethrough, the flow cell including a semispherical reflective film that reflects reaction light generated by the particle irradiated with the inspection light, and a semispherical lens portion through which the reaction light reflected by the semispherical reflective film passes, an elliptical mirror that has a first focus at a position of the flow cell, and that reflects the reaction light having passed through the semispherical lens portion of the flow cell, and an optical detector that is disposed at a second focus of the elliptical mirror and that detects the reaction light reflected by the elliptical mirror.

Abstract: A purified water manufacturing device monitoring system includes: a detecting device that illuminates, with an inspection beam, water either that is in a process of being manufactured or that has been manufactured by a purified water manufacturing device, detects light in a region illuminated by the inspection beam, and detects a microorganism or a non-microorganism particle included in the water; a measured value specifying portion that specifies a measured value for a number of microorganisms detected and specifies a measured value for a number of non-microorganism particles detected; and a state evaluating portion that evaluates that a problem has occurred in the purified water manufacturing device when either or both the measured value for the number of microorganisms and the measured value for the number of non-microorganism particles are greater than a prescribed value.

Abstract: To provide an in-liquid fluorescence detection device capable of accurately detecting fluorescence in a liquid. An in-liquid fluorescence detection device includes a light source emitting an excitation light having a wavelength in which Raman scattered light is generated in a liquid in a wavelength band between first and second fluorescence wavelength bands toward the liquid, which can contain a first substance that emits light having higher intensities in the first fluorescence wavelength band as compared with in the second fluorescence wavelength band and a second substance that emits light having higher intensities in the second fluorescence wavelength band as compared with in the first fluorescence wavelength band; and a fluorescence detection unit detecting light in the first and second fluorescence wavelength bands.

Abstract: A particle detecting device includes: a light measuring instrument that measures measured values for intensities of first, second, and third lights of mutually differing wavelengths, produced by particles to be measured; a boundary information storing portion that stores a non-linear discriminating boundary for separating a class of a first classification of particles and a class of a second classification of particles; and a particle classifying portion that classifies the particle being measured into either of the classifications for the first and second classifications of particles, based on measured values for the intensities of the first through third lights and on the discriminating boundary.

Abstract: A particle detecting device includes: a storing device that stores first boundary information wherein the third light intensity is recorded in a first range at a discriminating boundary for particles of first and second classifications, second boundary information wherein the third light intensity is recorded in a second range at a discriminating boundary for particles of first and second classifications, and discriminating information wherein identifiers for particles of the first and second classifications are recorded in cells bounded and not bounded by the discriminating boundary, respectively; and a particle identifying portion that evaluates a particle being measured as a particle of the first classification when the identifier for a particle of the first classification is acquired based on the measured values for the first and second light intensities and the measured value for the third light intensity falls between the first and second boundary values.

Abstract: A particle detector that includes a flow cell that includes a through hole having a circular sectional shape and allowing a fluid containing a particle to flow therethrough, an inspection light source that irradiates the flow cell with inspection light in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the through hole, and an optical detector that detects reaction light generated by the particle and which exits the flow cell so as to be angled relative to a sector-shaped plane which has a vertex at an intersection point of the inspection light and the through hole of the flow cell, is parallel to an optical path of the inspection light, and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the through hole of the flow cell.

Abstract: The present invention of one aspect relates to a railway vehicle having a plurality of electrical circuits. The railway vehicle comprises: an external power supply connection portion; a contactor of a normally closed type that opens and closes a common line connecting the plurality of electrical circuits to a ground, the contractor opening the common line by receiving supply of electric power through the external power supply connection portion and closing the common line when no current is applied; and an operation prohibition determining unit that determines whether supply of electric power to the plurality of electrical circuits is stopped and that prohibits the contactor from opening the common line when the supply of electric power is not stopped.

Abstract: A bush (20) includes a base material (45) that is disposed at a vehicle body (12), an inter ring (48) that is integrally disposed at the base material (45), and a surface layer (51) that is disposed inside the inter ring (48). The inter ring (48) is arranged along an opening (47) in such a manner as to surround the opening (47). The surface layer (51) includes an insertion hole (52) and is integrally formed from a self-adhesive elastic material into a thin wall shape. A stabilized rod (14) is inserted into the insertion hole (52).