Abstract: In an authentication communicating semiconductor device to enhance protection against illegal copying, a logic analyzer probe or the like is connected to a CPU bus to suppress possibility in which the authentication process is intercepted and is analyzed to break the mechanism of illegal copy protection and the electronic device is modified to set a tampered encryption key to the CPU bus. The authentication communicating semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip, a main processing unit formed on the chip for generating a key code according to a predetermined algorithm, for determining approval/non-approval of communication of data with an external device, and for controlling the communication; an encryption unit formed on the chip for encrypting and decoding communication data using the key code generated by the main processing unit, and an interface unit formed on the chip for conducting communication with an upper-layer or a lower-layer according to a predetermined protocol.

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing crosslinkable copolymer comprising fluorine-containing monomer units each having a sulfonyl chloride group and monomer units of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound is disclosed. The present fluorine-containing crosslinkable copolymer has a specific range of a sulfonyl chloride group content and can be easily crosslinked to give a fluorine-containing elastomer which is excellent in heat resistance and chemicals resistance.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for preparing (.omega.-fluorosulfonyl)haloaliphatic carboxylic acid fluorides by electrolytic fluorination, simply and efficiently.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for preparing (.omega.-fluorosulfonyl)haloaliphatic carboxylic acid fluorides by electrolytic fluorination, simply and efficiently.

Abstract: A fluorocarbon polymer membrane having pendant sulfonamide groups is first treated with anion radicals and then hydrolyzed for conversion into a cation exchange membrane having carboxylic groups and sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: Alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoates having improved properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-coloration are prepared in high yield and selectivity by, at the first step, reacting an excess alkyl p-hydroxybenzoate with a recycling alkyl p-(2-chloro-ethoxy)benzoate with heating in the presence of an alkali carbonate and an inert organic solvent until almost said alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate is consumed to produce an alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate and at the second step adding ethylene dichloride to the reaction system and continuing the heating to produce an alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate which is recycled, and separating the alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate produced.