Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting intestinal luminal fluid (ILF) exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) and isolating corresponding mRNA in order to diagnose and treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, certain embodiments relate to the method of capturing EMV from ILF applied to a filter device that is capable of capturing EMV. Nucleic acids such as mRNA can be isolated from the EMV using an oligo(dT)-coated plate designed to accommodate the filter device and then used for further molecular analysis. Quantification of the collected nucleic acids may then be used in the diagnosis and/or treatment of IBD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for detecting and quantitating biomarkers on vesicles without lysis or permeabilization of the vesicles and the use of biomarkers identified on vesicles in diagnostic and prognostic methods for various diseases and disorders. Disease and disorders of the present invention include neurological disorders, immunological disorders, placental diseases, and cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) from urine, isolating corresponding mRNA, and analyzing expression patterns in order to diagnose and treat various urothelial cancers. In particular, various expression patterns are analyzed through a unique diagnostic formula.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) from urine, isolating corresponding mRNA, and analyzing expression patterns in order to diagnose and treat various post-kidney transplant complications. In particular, annexin1 mRNA expression patterns are analyzed through a unique diagnostic formula.

Abstract: A recording device includes a conveyance mechanism, a recording mechanism, a rotational mechanism of a plurality of take-up spindles, and a control unit. The conveyance mechanism is configured to convey a recording medium intermittently in a conveyance direction. The recording mechanism is configured to record by reciprocatingly scanning a recording head in a direction that intersects with the conveyance direction. The rotational mechanism is configured to take up the recording medium. The control unit is configured to control the conveyance mechanism and the rotational mechanism to substantially synchronize conveying of the recording medium by the conveyance mechanism and taking-up of the recording medium by the rotational mechanism.

Abstract: p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a biomarker associated with islet cell health. If PUMA is low, islet cells are typically healthy. If PUMA is high, islet cells are typically unhealthy or dying. PUMA may be measured by either measuring its nucleic or amino acid. PUMA mRNA may be induced by TNF-? stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and ? cell apoptosis is induced through a mitochondrial pathway. TNF-? significantly inhibited glucose-induced preproinsulin precursor mRNA synthesis. Such ? cell stress signaling in human islets indicates overall state of islet health and, ultimately, the risk of onset and/or degree of severity of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) from urine and isolating corresponding mRNA in order to diagnose and treat acute kidney injury (AKI). In particular, certain embodiments relate to the method of capturing EMV from urine applied to a filter device that is capable of capturing EMV. Nucleic acids such as mRNA can be isolated from the EMV using an oligo(dT)-coated plate designed to accommodate the filter device and then used for further molecular analysis. Quantification of the collected nucleic acids may then be used in the diagnosis and/or treatment of IBD.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for a device that collects vesicles and vesicle-like materials from biological fluids. Such devices include at least one sample loading region; at least one corresponding vesicle-capture material, wherein said vesicle-capture material includes glass-like materials; and at least one corresponding sample receiving region, wherein passage of the biological fluid from the sample loading region through the vesicle-capture material and into the sample receiving region results in the capture of vesicles. Additional embodiments provide for a method of isolating vesicles and vesicle-like materials from biological fluids.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting cervical-vaginal fluid exosomes and microvesicles and isolating corresponding mRNA. In particular, certain embodiments relate to the method of collecting the cervical-vaginal fluids with a tampon and releasing the cells, exosomes and microvesicles using excess buffer and a syringe or syringe-like device. The resulting expunged fluid can be applied to a filter device that is capable of capturing exosomes and microvesicles. Nucleic acids such as mRNA can be isolated from the cervical-vaginal fluid exosome and microvesicles using an oligo(dT)-coated plate designed to accommodate the filter device and then used for further molecular analysis. Quantification of the collected nucleic acids may then be used in the diagnosis and/or treatment of gynecological diseases or conditions.

Abstract: p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a biomarker associated with islet cell health. If PUMA is low, islet cells are typically healthy. If PUMA is high, islet cells are typically unhealthy or dying. PUMA may be measured by either measuring its nucleic or amino acid. PUMA mRNA may be induced by TNF-? stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and ? cell apoptosis is induced through a mitochondrial pathway. TNF-? significantly inhibited glucose-induced preproinsulin precursor mRNA synthesis. Such ? cell stress signaling in human islets indicates overall state of islet health and, ultimately, the risk of onset and/or degree of severity of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for the capture or isolation of a biomarker from a biological sample. In several embodiments, the device comprises a loading region, a filter material, and a receiving region. In particular, in several embodiments, biological fluid is passed from the loading region through the filter material and into the receiving region, thereby resulting in capture or isolation of a biomarker.

Abstract: Provided is a device that collects vesicles and vesicle-like materials from biological fluids. Such devices comprise at least one sample loading region; at least one corresponding vesicle-capture material, wherein said vesicle-capture material comprises glass-like materials; and at least one corresponding sample receiving region, wherein passage of the biological fluid from the sample loading region through the vesicle capture material and into the sample receiving region results in the capture of vesicles. Additional methods provide for a method of isolating vesicles and vesicle-like materials from biological fluids are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of screening for expression of an RNA associated with a post-kidney transplant complication include collecting vesicles from urine, isolating vesicle-associated RNA, and analyzing expression patterns. In particular, AIF1, BTN3A3, CCL5, CD48, HAVCR1, or SLC6A6 mRNA expression patterns are analyzed.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for the capture or isolation of a biomarker from a biological sample. In several embodiments, the device comprises a loading region, a filter material, and a receiving region. In particular, in several embodiments, biological fluid is passed from the loading region through the filter material and into the receiving region, thereby resulting in capture or isolation of a biomarker.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for the capture or isolation of a biomarker from a biological sample. In several embodiments, the device comprises a loading region, a filter material, and a receiving region. In particular, in several embodiments, biological fluid is passed from the loading region through the filter material and into the receiving region, thereby resulting in capture or isolation of a biomarker.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to methods of diagnosing diseases and measuring homeostatic states. In particular, the methods described here are used to characterize RNA from vesicles for expression of disease related markers. Embodiments of the invention also relate generally to the characterization of RNA by using sensitive techniques such as PCR to internally sample organ health using whole blood.

Abstract: A recording device includes a conveyance mechanism, a recording mechanism, a rotational mechanism of a plurality of take-up spindles, and a control unit. The conveyance mechanism is configured to convey a recording medium intermittently in a conveyance direction. The recording mechanism is configured to record by reciprocatingly scanning a recording head in a direction that intersects with the conveyance direction. The rotational mechanism is configured to take up the recording medium. The control unit is configured to control the conveyance mechanism and the rotational mechanism to substantially synchronize conveying of the recording medium by the conveyance mechanism and taking-up of the recording medium by the rotational mechanism.

Abstract: Methods and devices allow assessment of the status of a transplanted liver during the post-transplant period. The methods are particularly beneficial for identifying if a transplanted liver is subject to rejection, by what mechanisms, and thereby developing and implementing a specific treatment regime to reduce the rejection of the transplanted liver.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to methods of identifying subjects likely to develop diabetes-associated damage to the nephron, or subjects in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. In particular, several embodiments relate to quantification of diabetic nephropathy-associated markers by isolating RNA isolated from vesicles from patient urine samples. The levels of the marker in a subject can be compared to levels in a population having normal nephron function and/or used to to track progression of diabetic nephropathy in said subject over time.

Abstract: A conveyance mechanism by which a recording medium can be conveyed intermittently; a recording mechanism for recording by reciprocatingly scanning a recording head in a direction that intersects with a direction of conveyance of the recording medium by the conveyance mechanism; a turret to which a plurality of take-up spindles for taking up the recording medium are provided; rotational mechanisms of the take-up spindles; a rotational mechanism of the turret; and a control unit for controlling the rotational mechanisms of the take-up spindles and the rotational mechanism of the turret so as to cause the take-up spindles and/or the turret to be rotated intermittently so as to correspond to the intermittent conveyance by the conveyance mechanism.