Abstract: An ink-jet printing head comprises: a pressurizing chamber substrate having first and second sides opposing each other; a plurality of pressurizing chambers formed on the first side of the pressurizing chamber substrate; channels formed on the second side of the pressuring chamber substrate to be opposite to the pressuring chambers, respectively; oscillating plate films for pressurizing ink within the respective pressurizing chambers; and piezoelectric thin-film elements, each having upper and lower electrodes and a piezoelectric film sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes, the piezoelectric thin-film being formed in the channel, wherein at least the upper electrode is formed to have a narrower width than that of the pressurizing chamber. And a method for producing the ink-jet head.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin-film device includes: a substrate and a piezoelectric thin film formed on the substrate, wherein a thickness of the piezoelectric thin film is 1 to 10 .mu.m, a crystal grain size of the piezoelectric thin film is 0.05 to 1 .mu.m, and a surface roughness (Rmax) of the piezoelectric thin film is no more than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A printer head for ink jet recording is disclosed, comprising a single-crystal silicon substrate pierced with holes, a zirconium oxide layer which is brought into direct contact with the surface of the silicon substrate or a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the silicon substrate so as to cover one end of the holes in the silicon substrate, a lower electrode provided on the zirconium oxide layer, a piezoelectric layer provided on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer. A process for the preparation of the above printer head for ink jet recording is also disclosed. The printer head for ink jet recording can support a piezoelectric substance having a high piezoelectricity, can exhibit a high head drive durability and can be produced in a high yield.

Abstract: The thin film piezoelectric device which has excellent properties is disclosed. A thin film piezoelectric device according to the present invention comprises a piezoelectric film which is polycrystalline, and two electrodes by which the piezoelectric film is sandwiched, wherein the size of crystal grains of the piezoelectric film substance is 0.4 .mu.m or more and equal to or less than the thickness of the piezoelectric film. A process for producing the thin film piezoelectric device are also disclosed. The process comprising the steps of: forming the precursor film of a piezoelectric film on an electrode, first heating the electrode at a temperature of 500.degree. to 700.degree. C. to crystallize the precursor film, thereby obtaining a piezoelectric film which is polycrystalline, and secondly heating the electrode at a temperature of 750.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin-film device is disclosed which comprises: a piezoelectric film of a polycrystalline material; and two electrodes, the piezoelectric film being sandwiched between the two electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric film comprises a three-component PZT containing 5% by mole or more of a third component and having a thickness of not more than 5 .mu.m, and the deviation of Pb content of the piezoelectric film in the thicknesswise direction thereof is within .+-.5%. The piezoelectric thin-film device has good properties, and the use of the piezoelectric thin-film device realizes miniaturization and increase in resolution of a head for ink jet recording. Further, the piezoelectric device has an additional advantage that an ink can be ejected at a high pressure and, further, driving at a high frequency is possible.

Abstract: A printer head for ink jet recording is disclosed, comprising a single-crystal silicon substrate pierced with holes, a zirconium oxide layer which is brought into direct contact with the surface of the silicon substrate or a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the silicon substrate so as to cover one end of the holes in the silicon substrate, a lower electrode provided on the zirconium oxide layer, a piezoelectric layer provided on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer. A process for the preparation of the above printer head for ink jet recording is also disclosed. The printer head for ink jet recording can support a piezoelectric substance having a high piezoelectricity, can exhibit a high head drive durability and can be produced in a high yield.

Abstract: A highly reliable liquid jet head having excellent properties, comprising a silicon substrate, a tantalum layer having a thickness of 1,100 angstroms or more formed on the substrate, and a piezoelectric device provided on the tantalum layer, containing a layer of titanium oxide or of an oxide of titanium alloy between the tantalum layer and the electrode, or between the electrode and the piezoelectric film is obtained without suffering the formation of cavities in the silicon dioxide layer or the exfoliation between the electrode an a layer adjacent thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid spray head provided with a plurality of liquid spray elements arranged in an array on a substrate. Each element comprises a chamber arranged on the substrate for holding a liquid to be sprayed, a nozzle, a liquid path for communication with the nozzle and the chamber, a diaphragm arranged on the liquid chamber, a piezoelectric element comprising a lower electrode arranged on the diaphragm, a piezoelectric film comprising a lead zirconate titanate film arranged on the lower electrode and an upper electrode arranged on the piezoelectric film. Energy is applied to the piezoelectric element so as to bend the diaphragm for deforming a volume of the liquid chambers to spray the liquid. The liquid chambers have a pitch equal to the pitch of the nozzles, and the following relationships are satisfied:1) 10.ltoreq.W/L.ltoreq.1502) tp.gtoreq.tv3) 0.012.ltoreq.(tp+tv)/L<0.

Abstract: A waterproof fabric having a high moisture permeability and having an ultra-microporous continuous polymer coating having an average pore diameter in the range of between 50 .ANG. and 0.2.mu., said polymer having a monomer unit containing at least one acid radical selected from carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, and alkali metal salts thereof.

Abstract: Artificial leather and a dyeing method therefor; the leather includes ultrafine polyamide fibers and is particularly a grained artificial leather having bright, deep color, good color fastness to dry cleaning with charged soap, a delicate touch free from any undesirable rubber-like feeling, as well as high durability.A super-entangled fiber base is provided comprising ultrafine polyamide fibers and/or bundles thereof; polyurethane including polyoxyethylene of molecular weight of 500-5,000 is applied. The polyamide ultrafine fibers are dyed with a metal-dye complex and a fixing agent.

Abstract: Artificial leather and a dyeing method therefor; the leather includes ultrafine polyamide fibers and is particularly a grained artificial leather having bright, deep color, good color fastness to dry cleaning with charged soap, a delicate touch free from any undesirable rubber-like feeling, as well as high durability.A super-entangled fiber base is provided comprising ultrafine polyamide fibers and/or bundles thereof; polyurethane including polyoxyethylene of molecular weight of 500-5,000 is applied. The polyamide ultrafine fibers are dyed with a metal-dye complex and a fixing agent.

Abstract: A process for treating a fibrous structure is provided. The fibrous structure comprises at least two components at least one of which is a polyester containing an SO.sub.3 M group wherein M represents hydrogen or an alkali metal. The process is characterized in that the fibrous structure is treated with an agent which deteriorates the polyester prior to the alkali treatment for the removal of the polyester component.

Abstract: Developing powder, called the toner, for use in developing an electrostatic latent image or a magnetic latent image, said developing powder consisting essentially of a mixture of low molecular polyolefins and alkyl-modified phenol resins, the developed image being firmly fixed to an image-forming substrate only by applying pressure to the toner image formed on the substrate.