Abstract: A control device includes a primary control unit which computes a manipulated variable and outputs it to an actuator of the primary control system; a secondary control unit which takes as input an equilibrium point setpoint representing an equilibrium point which is the desired manipulated variable output in steady state of primary control, takes the manipulated variable of the primary control system as process variable input, computes an adjusted manipulated variable, and outputs it to an actuator of the secondary control system; and an equilibrium point setpoint determination functional unit which detects a state in which the setpoint of the primary control system is maintained at the same value for a pre-specified period of time or longer as a steady state, computes an equilibrium point, and sets this equilibrium point setpoint in the secondary control unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine crystal in which a 4-piperidone compound represented by the following formula (1) is contained.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light source having a light emitting element, a thermal conductor, an optical system housing, and a cooler. The thermal conductor has a first surface and a second surface, and the light source is thermally connected to the first surface. The optical system housing has a mounting part with an opening. The thermal conductor is fixed to the optical system housing in a state that the first surface is disposed in a direction facing the mounting part and the light emitting element is disposed at a position facing the opening. The cooler is thermally connected to the second surface of the thermal conductor and cools heat from the light source.

Abstract: An optical member having a concentric diffraction surface facing the outside, wherein the projection having a inclined surface concentric to the diffraction surface having an angle of inclination ? smaller than the angle of inclination ? is provided outside the diffraction surface having the largest ?, so that an interference of a cutting tool is avoided, and simultaneously, deterioration of a surface roughness may be restrained.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a multi-core cable including: at least one ground wire which is arranged in a center or its vicinity in a cross section perpendicular to a length direction of the cable; plural insulated wires arranged in a periphery of the ground wire; an overall shield layer which covers a periphery of the insulated wires; and a sheath which covers a periphery of the overall shield layer.

Abstract: A wiring substrate includes first and second wiring structures. The first wiring structure includes a core substrate, first and second insulation layers each formed from a thermosetting insulative resin including a reinforcement material, and a via wire formed in the first insulation layer. The second wiring structure includes a wiring layer formed on upper surfaces of the first insulation layer and the via wire, an insulation layer formed on the upper surface of the first insulation layer, and an uppermost wiring layer including a pad used to electrically connect a semiconductor chip and the wiring layer. An outermost insulation layer stacked on a lower surface of the second insulation layer exposes a portion of a lowermost wiring layer stacked on the lower surface of the second insulation layer as an external connection pad. The second wiring structure has a higher wiring density than the first wiring structure.

Abstract: A kit for bonding to biological hard tissues, containing a phosphorylated polysaccharide, a polyvalent metal salt other than phosphates, and a solvent. The adhesive composition for biological hard tissues provided by the kit for bonding to biological hard tissues is suitably used in for medical uses, such as cement for bones or dental cement.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing particles which include: silica particles; and a compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles, in which the silica particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and 4 ?m or less, and a specific surface area of 400 m2/g or more and 1000 m2/g or less, the compound-A is a tertiary amine compound and/or a urea compound, and the compound-A has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.

Abstract: A PID controller includes: a manipulated variable outputting portion that outputs, to a subject of control, a manipulated variable MV calculated by a manipulated variable calculating portion; a long cycle data storing portion that stores, with each first cycle, time series data for the process variable PV; a short cycle data recording portion that records temporarily, with each second cycle that is shorter than the first cycle, time series data for the process variable PV; and a short cycle data storing portion that reads out from the short cycle data recording portion, and stores, data for an interval wherein there has been a change of at least a prescribed amount in the process variable PV, when there has been a change of at least the prescribed amount in the process variable PV that is recorded in the short cycle data recording portion.

Abstract: A PID controller includes: a manipulated variable calculating portion that calculates a manipulated variable MV based on a set point SP and a process variable PV through a PID control calculation; a manipulated variable outputting portion that outputs a manipulated variable MV to outside of the controller; an alarm notifying portion that generates an alarm when a problem has been detected; a data recording portion that temporarily records time series data for the process variable PV; and a data storing portion that reads out and storing data recorded by the data recording portion 15 before and after the alarm event.

Abstract: The photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains (a) a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, (b) a specific amine compound and (c) a specific polyvinylacetal resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can output images with reduced image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment as especially severe conditions, and a manufacturing method thereof; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Accordingly, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support includes the photosensitive layer which contains a solid solution of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine and a compound represented by the following Formula (1) or Formula (1)?, the solid solution having peaks at Bragg angles 2? of 7.4°±0.3° and 28.3°±0.3° in CuK? characteristic X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: In the present invention, the attempt was made to increase the denseness (to lower the porosity) of a magnesia carbon brick furthermore thereby providing the magnesia carbon brick having a high durability never found in the past. The magnesia carbon brick of the present invention comprises a magnesia raw material and a graphite, wherein the magnesia carbon brick contains the graphite with the amount thereof in the range of 8% or more by mass and 25% or less by mass and the magnesia raw material with the amount thereof in the range of 75% or more by mass and 92% or less by mass, the both amounts being relative to the total amount of the magnesia raw material and the graphite; as a grain size distribution of the magnesia raw material, the magnesia raw material having particle diameter of in the range of 0.

Abstract: A wiring substrate includes a first wiring structure, a second wiring structure stacked on an upper surface of the first wiring structure, and an outermost insulating layer stacked on a lower surface of the first wiring structure. The outermost insulating layer covers a part of a bottom wiring layer of the wiring layers forming the first wiring structure. The second wiring structure has a wiring density higher than that of the first wiring structure. A volume ratio V1/V2 is from 0.8 to 1.5, where V1 represents the volume of the wiring layers forming the entire second wiring structure, and V2 represents the volume of the bottom wiring layer in the first wiring structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer formed on the support. The charge generating layer contains an amine compound represented by the following formula (1); where R1 to R5 represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, carboxyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, amino group having a substituent group, or cyclic amino group; and at least one of R1 to R5 is an amino group substituted with an aryl group, amino group substituted with an alkyl group, or cyclic amino group.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a particular chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal in which an organic compound is contained. The organic compound has a Hansen solubility parameter ?total of 24.0 or more and 35.0 or less, a polar energy ?P of 13.5 or more and 21.0 or less, and a dispersion energy ?D of 15.0 or more and 19.5 or less.

Abstract: The present invention can provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is capable of suppressing potential variation as much as possible to allow a high-quality image to be output, as well as a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support; a charge-generating layer; and a charge-transporting layer on the charge-generating layer, in which the charge-generating layer comprises a gallium phthalocyanine crystal in which a polar solvent is contained, and the polar solvent is at least one selected from dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-propylformamide, N-vinylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone relative to gallium phthalocyanine, and the content of the polar solvent is 0.1% by mass or more and 2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal and an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with few failures due to a ghost phenomenon not only in normal-temperature, normal-humidity environments but also even in low-temperature, low-humidity environments. The hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal has peaks at Bragg angles 2?±0.2° of 7.5°, 9.9°, 25.2°, and 28.3° as determined by X-ray diffraction with Cu K? radiation. The intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 9.9° is higher than the intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 7.5°.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member can provide images in which black spots and fogging are suppressed and density unevenness due to coating unevenness of the charge generation layer is suppressed. The charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and an amide compound represented by a formula (1), and a nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has a substituent.

Abstract: A magnesia carbon brick with increased denseness (lowering the porosity) and high durability relative to conventional magnesia carbon bricks. The magnesia carbon brick includes a magnesia raw material and a graphite, with the magnesia carbon brick containing the graphite with amount of in the range of 3% or more by mass and 25% or less by mass and the magnesia raw material with amount of in the range of 75% or more by mass and 97% or less by mass, the both amounts being relative to total amount of the magnesia raw material and the graphite; and an apparent porosity thereof after reductive firing for 3 hours at 1400° C. is 7.8% or less.