Abstract: A diffusing plate includes a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged, wherein the microlenses have such a shape that a curvature of a sectional shape including a center line of the microlenses varies depending on a direction of the center line, and wherein microlenses that are different in the direction of a center line where the curvature of the outline is largest are arranged.

Abstract: In order to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with which a ghost is suppressed even under a low temperature and low humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer and comprising a charge generating material and a hole transporting material, wherein the undercoat layer comprises a particular amine compound.

Abstract: Discussed herein is an antenna system that comprises a feed element and a radiating element that are formed on a dielectric substrate positioned above a circuit board which includes a feed circuit and a ground layer. Specifically, the feed element is disposed within an outer periphery defined by the radiating element. A capacitive coupling is formed between the feed element and the radiating element. With the aforesaid configuration, the antenna system is less affected by the circuit board and interference from other elements that are mounted on the circuit board. Further, manufacturing costs are reduced as compared to the case where the feed element and the radiating element are respectively formed on a front and rear surface of a resin layer.

Abstract: An evaluating device includes an environment information controlling portion that obtains, for each individual customer, environment information during an electric power conservation period for customers who have performed electric power conservation measures, an environment information storing portion that stores environment information obtained from the environment information controlling portion, and an environment evaluating portion that calculates, for each individual customer, an environmental degradation level indicating the level of degradation experienced by the customer during previous electric power conservation periods, based on environment information stored in the environment information storing portion.

Abstract: The controlling device includes a set point obtaining portion that obtains a set point from a feedback controlling system for calculating, and outputting to an actuator, a manipulated variable based on the set point and a process variable, and an actuator controlling portion that changes a gain of an actuator so as to have an effect of a change in the process variable that is produced through the change in the gain of the actuator tracking a change in the set point.

Abstract: A wiring board includes first insulating layers and second insulating layers formed on a core layer in this order; a third insulating layer and a solder resist layer formed on another surface of the core layer in this order, first wiring layers and second wiring layers formed in the first insulating layers and the second insulating layers, respectively, wherein a first end surface of the first via wiring exposes from the first surface of the outermost first insulating layer to be directly connected with an outermost second wiring layer, the first via wiring and the outermost second wiring layer being separately formed, the first surface of the outermost first insulating layer and the first end surface of the first via wiring are polished surfaces, smooth surfaces and are flush with each other, and the wiring density of the second wiring layers is higher than that of the first wiring layers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a polymeric product obtained by polymerizing a specific adamantane compound, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided in which both a long-term potential variation and a short-term potential variation are suppressed, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided. An intermediate layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by applying a coating liquid for the intermediate layer, which contains an organic resin and a rutile-type acidic titania sol containing tin, and drying the applied coating liquid.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member that can output an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which the photosensitive layer includes a gallium phthalocyanine crystal containing a specific amine compound in itself.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a charge transporting substance having two or more methacryloyloxy groups per molecule. The surface layer contains a quinone derivative at a concentration of 5 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less of the total mass of the polymer. The quinone derivative is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a compound represented by the following formula (2) or both.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a urea compound having two or more urea moieties. Each of the urea moieties has a carbonyl group and two nitrogen atoms. Each of the two nitrogen atoms connects to an alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.

Abstract: A pressure transmitting device detects, through a pressure guiding tube, a pressure of a liquid, slurry, gas, or the like to be measured, wherein there are fluctuations in the pressure; where the pressure guiding tube blockage diagnosing device comprises: a rising/falling frequency detecting portion for segmenting into a plurality of continuous intervals a time series of pressure values detected by the pressure transmitting device, and for detecting, in each time interval, the rising/falling frequency of the fluctuations; and an evaluating portion for evaluating the state of blockage of the pressure guiding tube through comparing, to a specific threshold value, the rising/falling frequency of the fluctuations.

Abstract: In order to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with which a ghost is suppressed even under a low temperature and low humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer and comprising a charge generating material and a hole transporting material, wherein the undercoat layer comprises a particular amine compound.

Abstract: A fault detecting system includes a representative value storing portion that stores, as a representative value, a combination of a maximum value for a state quantity rate-of-change and a state quantity when the state quantity rate-of-change reaches the maximum value, a rate-of-change calculating portion that calculates the state quantity rate-of-change based on state quantity data acquired by a data acquiring portion, and a representative value updating portion that updates representative values stored in the representative value storing portion, to a most recent state quantity rate-of-change calculated by the rate-of-change calculating portion and a most recent state quantity that has been acquired by the data acquiring portion, when the absolute value of the most recent state quantity rate-of-change that has been calculated by the rate-of-change calculating portion is larger than the absolute value of the maximum value for the state quantity rate-of-change that is stored in the representative value storing

Abstract: A method of adjusting a spectroscopic imaging device is provided with which a relative arrangement relationship among components can be easily adjusted in the spectroscopic imaging device. A spectroscopic imaging device 30 includes a collimating lens 32, a diffraction grating 33, a condensing lens 34, an array light receiving unit 35, and adjustment means for adjusting a relative arrangement relationship among these components. An etalon filter is disposed on an optical path of light inputted to the collimating lens 32 and the relative arrangement relationship among the components is adjusted so that the focal point of light of each wavelength condensed by the condensing lens 34 is positioned on a predetermined line of the array light receiving unit 35.

Abstract: A composition for a resist underlayer film is provided. The composition has excellent storage stability and can form a resist underlayer film which has excellent adhesion to a resist film, can improve reproducibility of a resist pattern and is resistant to an alkaline liquid used in development and to oxygen ashing during the removal of a resist. The composition comprises a hydrolyzate and/or a condensate of a silane compound of the following formula (A), R1bR2cSi(OR3)4-a??(A) wherein R1 is a monovalent organic group having at least one unsaturated bond, R2 individually represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group, R3 individually represents a monovalent organic group, R1 is a group other than OR3, a is an integer of 1 to 3, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 0 to 2, provided that a=b+c.

Abstract: An outdoor air temperature information acquisition section acquires the outdoor air temperature, a room temperature information acquisition section that acquires room temperature, an air conditioner state information acquisition section that acquires information on the state of heat exchange type air conditioners and the outdoor air cooler, an estimated value calculating section for room temperature during outdoor air cooling calculating the estimated value for room temperature after switching to the complete outdoor air cooling mode that stops the heat exchange type air conditioner and carries out room temperature control by only increasing or decreasing the effect of the outdoor air cooler from the cooling mode mainly using the heat exchange type air conditioner.

Abstract: A cooperative operating device includes primary controlling units that are provided for individual primary control systems, and calculate operating variables and outputting them to the actuators of the corresponding primary control systems, a selector that combines operating variables by performing a weighting calculation on the operating variables calculated by the primary controlling units, and an operating variable adjustment controlling unit that is provided to correspond to a single secondary control system for controlling an equilibrium point that is a desirable operating variable output with the primary control in a steady-state, inputs a specific operating variable setting value that indicates the equilibrium point, and inputs, as a controlled variable input, the operating variable after combination, outputted from the selector, to calculate an adjustment operating variable and output it to the actuator of the secondary control system.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer or a charge generation layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine and a particular diamine compound such as 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,3-diaminopropane. The content of the particular diamine compound in the photosensitive layer or the charge generation layer is from 10 ppm to 1,000 ppm (mass ratio) based on the gallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: A solution of a gallium phthalocyanine contains a compound of formula (1) and a gallium phthalocyanine of formula (2), H2N—CH2—R1—CH2—NH2??(1) wherein R1 represents a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 main-chain carbon atoms, a substituent of the substituted alkylene group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and being substituted with an amino group, or a hydroxy group, one of the carbon atoms in the main chain of the alkylene group may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a bivalent group represented by the formula —NR2—, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and being substituted with an amino group, and wherein X1 represents a chlorine atom or hydroxy group.