Abstract: The light emitting device of the invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a carrier formed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing germanium light emitters, wherein the germanium light emitters contain germanium oxide in which at least part of the germanium oxide has oxygen deficiency and have a wavelength peak of emission in both or either the range of 250 to 350 nm and/or the range of 350 to 500 nm when a potential difference is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A release-treated substrate is a release-treated substrate having a release treating agent layer by a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent at least partially on at least one side of the substrate, and is characterized in that the cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent is at least partially applied to at least one side of the substrate, and heat treatment is then conducted before conducting ultraviolet irradiation treatment. As the cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent, a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent in which a modified silicone polymer component having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule is an effective component is suitable. It is preferable that temperature in the heat treatment is from 35 to 120° C.

Abstract: A memory element having a large memory window and a high reliability is provided at low cost by performing high speed write and erase operations at a relatively low voltage and suppressing rewrite degradation. A memory element includes a semiconductor layer arranged on an insulating substrate, a first diffusion layer region and a second diffusion layer region having a conductivity type of P-type, a charge accumulating film for covering a channel region between the first diffusion layer region and the second diffusion layer region and being injected with charges from the channel region, and a gate electrode positioned on a side opposite to the channel region with the charge accumulating film in between.

Abstract: The present invention provides a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet including a bubble-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and a releasable liner protecting a pressure-sensitive adhesive surface of the bubble-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, said releasable liner comprising at least a releasably treated layer formed by an ionizing radiation-curable silicone type releasing agent, in which the releasably treated layer formed by the ionizing radiation-curable silicone type releasing agent is employed onto a pressure-sensitive adhesive surface on the heavier releasable side. The double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet may employ a bubble-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed by a bubble-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition in the form in which a gas component is mixed in a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.

Abstract: A release-treated substrate is a release-treated substrate having a release treating agent layer by a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent at least partially on at least one side of the substrate, and is characterized in that the cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent is at least partially applied to at least one side of the substrate, and heat treatment is then conducted before conducting ultraviolet irradiation treatment. As the cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent, a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curing silicone treating agent in which a modified silicone polymer component having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule is an effective component is suitable. It is preferable that temperature in the heat treatment is from 35 to 120° C.

Abstract: Hydrochloride salts of heterocyclic spiro compounds are provided and can be represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents piperidine or N alkyl piperidine or N alkylene attached to a non adjacent piperidine ring carbon, X is S or O, Y is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, methylene, R.sup.5 methylene, ##STR2## alk in which R.sup.1 to R.sub.3,R.sub.6,R.sub.7 are H or alkyl, R.sub.4 is H, alkyl, COOH, or ester, or --C alkyl, R.sub.5 is halo, OH,SH, O alkyl, S alkyl, O acyl or S acyl, and Z, and Z.sub.2 are O or S. The above compounds act upon muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby activating the acetylcholine nervous functions in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Heterocyclic spiro compounds represented by the following general formula and salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein A represents piperidine or N alkyl piperidine or N alkylene attached to a non adjacent piperidine ring carbon, X is S or O, Y is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, methylene, R.sup.5 methylene, ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 to R.sub.3, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 are H or alkyl, R.sub.4 is H, alkyl, --COOH, or ester, or ##STR3## R.sub.5 is halo, OH, SH, O alkyl, S alkyl, O acyl or S acyl, and Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are O or S.The above compounds act upon muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby activating the acetylcholine nervous functions in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Heterocyclic spiro compounds represented by the following general formula and salts thereof ##STR1## The above compounds act upon muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby activating the acetylcholine nervous functions in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Heterocyclic spiro compounds represented by the following general formula and salts thereof: ##STR1## The above compounds act upon muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby activating the acetylcholine nervous functions in the central nervous system.

Abstract: A medical agent for improving and treating mental symptoms induced by cerebral disturbances comprising a composition containing 2-(7-indenyloxymethyl)morpholine (generic name: indeloxazine) or an acid addition salt thereof as the effective component. Preferred examples of the acid addition salt are the hydrochloride, sulfate, maleate, etc.

Abstract: Heterocyclic spiro compounds represented by the following general formula and salts thereof: ##STR1## The above compounds act upon muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby activating the acetylcholine nervous functions in the central nervous system.