Abstract: A preparation process of a degradable copolymer comprising carrying out dehydration polycondensation of polysaccharide (A) with one or more compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of:(b1) hydroxycarboxylic acid,(b2) polyhydroxycarboxylic acid,(b3) aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and aliphatic polybasic acid, and(b4) aliphatic polyester derived from aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and aliphatic polybasic acid.A copolymer having a high molecular weight, excellent toughness, transparency and heat resistance, and additionally having a high melt tension can be obtained with a reaction time less than a half of the conventional process. The copolymer obtained by the invention is a material suited for injection molding, extrusion, calendaring, blow forming, balloon forming, vacuum forming and foaming. Particularly, the copolymer obtained by the invention has a high melt tension and thus the molten copolymer is difficult to sag and flow and can be processed with ease into foams and blow bottles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an aromatic carbonate by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound, carbon monoxide, and oxygen, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising:(A) at least one selected from palladium and palladium compounds;(B) at least one lead compound;(C) at least one cobalt compound; and,(D) at least one halide.According to this method an aromatic carbonate which produces only a small amount of impurities and has excellent selectivity can be produced.

Abstract: The invention is a purification process of an aliphatic polyester prepared in the presence of a catalyst from a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a combination of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with an aliphatic polybasic acid, or a mixture of these compounds, comprising deactivating the catalyst while maintaining the aliphatic polyester in a molten or dissolved state, or insolubilizing and separating the catalyst and successively removing low molecular compounds; and can provide aliphatic polyester which has a low content of unreacted monomers and low molecular weight compounds and is excellent in heat resistance and weatherability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an aromatic carbonate by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound, carbon monoxide and oxygen using a catalyst system for suppressing the production of aryl aromatic o-hydroxycarboxylate as a by-product. The catalyst system consists of the following compounds:(A) at least one selected from palladium and palladium compounds;(B) at least one selected from lead compounds; and(C) at least one halide selected from quaternary ammonium halides and quaternary phosphonium halides; and if required,(D) at least one selected from copper and copper compounds.The method of the present invention can increase the yield of an aromatic carbonate per palladium (the turnover number of palladium).

Abstract: A purification process of an aliphatic polyester prepared in the presence of a catalyst from a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a combination of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with an aliphatic polybasic acid, or a mixture of these compounds, comprising deactivating the catalyst while maintaining the aliphatic polyester in a molten or dissolved state, or insolubilizing and separating the catalyst and successively removing low molecular compounds. The process can provide aliphatic polyester which has a low content of unreacted monomers and low molecular weight compounds and is excellent in heat resistance and weatherability.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are an .alpha.-(aminocyclohexyl)alkylamine represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, provided that the amino group bonded to the cyclohexyl group may be in either of the 2-, 3- and 4-positions and a method for preparing it; an .alpha.-(isocyanatocyclohexyl)alkylisocyanate of Formula (II) wherein the amino groups are replaced with isocyanato groups and a method for preparing it; polyisocyanato-isocyanurate represented by the following general formula (IV): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel fluoran compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different groups selected from cyclohexyl, n-butyl and isobutyl, e.g., in the form of crystals characterized by a specific X-ray diffraction diagram; crystalline toluene adducts thereof; and recording materials containing these fluoran compounds.

Abstract: Heat-sensitive recording paper which employs as a chromogenic compound a novel fluoran compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## and prepared reacting a benzoic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR2## with a diphenylamine derivative of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is a lower alkyl group have excellent stability.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel fluoran compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different groups selected from cyclohexyl, n-butyl and isobutyl, e.g., in the form of crystals characterized by a specific X-ray diffraction diagram; crystalline toluene adducts thereof; and recording materials containing these fluoran compounds.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are an .alpha.-(aminocyclohexyl)alkylamine represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR1##wherein R represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, provided that the amino group bonded to the cyclohexyl group may be in either of the 2-, 3- and 4-positions and a method for preparing it; an .alpha.-(isocyanatocyclohexyl)alkylisocyanate of Formula (II) wherein the amino groups are replaced with isocyanato groups and a method for preparing it; polyisocyanato-isocyanurate represented by the following general formula (IV): ##STR2##wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel fluoran compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preparation process of the fluoran compounds, and a heat-sensitive and a pressure-sensitive recording material comprising the fluoran compound, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel fluoran compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## and a heat-sensitive recording paper which is obtained by using the fluoran compound as a chromogenic compound and is excellent in preserving stability.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are an .alpha.-(aminocyclohexyl)alkylamine represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, provided that the amino group bonded to the cyclohexyl group may be in either of the 2-, 3- and 4-positions and a method for preparing it; an .alpha.-(isocyanatocyclohexyl)alkylisocyanate of Formula (II) wherein the amino groups are replaced with isocyanato groups and a method for preparing it; polyisocyanato-isocyanurate represented by the following general formula (IV): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel fluoran compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preparation process of the fluoran compounds, and a heat-sensitive and a pressure-sensitive recording material comprising the fluoran compound, are disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of a multivalent-metal-modified salicylic acid resin, which is suitable for use in the production of color-developing sheets for pressure-sensitive recording paper sheets, contains a specific multivalent-metal-modified salicylic acid resin at the first-mentioned resin. Fine particles of the specific multivalent-metal-modified salicylic acid is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a dispersant composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:(a) water-soluble anionic high-molecular compounds composed of polyvinyl alcohol derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups in their molecules, and salts thereof,(b) acrylamide-modified polyvinyl alcohols, and(c) water-soluble anionic high-molecular compounds composed of polymers or copolymers comprising particular styrenesulfonic acid derivatives as their essential components.The aqueous dispersion is prepared by finely grinding the specific multivalent-metal-modified salicylic acid in the aqueous solution of the dispersant.

Abstract: A transmission signal sending and receiving method using the steps of setting the reference channel and data channels in each cycle of the AC voltage wave for transmission in the sending and receiving means, superposing the reference transmission signal onto the reference channel and the modulated data transmission signals onto the data channels in the sending means, receiving the reference transmission signal and data transmission signals by being separated from the AC voltage wave for transmission in the receiving means, and monitoring data transmission signals by comparing the level and phase of the reference transmission signal received by the reference channel with those of the data transmission signals received in the data channels, and thereby comparing the reference transmission signal with the data transmission signals received in each cycle of the AC voltage wave for transmission.

Abstract: A microcapsule-containing water-base coating formulation comprises as essential components (a) microcapsules making use of a synthetic resin as a wall-forming material and (b) a reaction product obtained by polymerizing at least one water-soluble vinyl monomer (B) in the presence of a high polymer latex (A) having a glass transition point of 60.degree. C. or lower. The latex (A) and vinyl monomer (B) are used at a solid weight ratio of 3:97-90:10. The water-base coating formulation can provide a microcapsule-coated layer having significantly-improved pressure resistance and frictional stability without need for a stilt. The water-base coating formulation can be applied at a high speed, thereby making a significant improvement to the productivity of carbonless copying and/or recording paper.

Abstract: A method of detecting the levels of phase pulse signals involves the establishment of a pilot channel in addition to channels into which phase pulse signals are injected. Prior to the injection of the phase pulse signals, a transmitter injects a pilot signal into the pilot channel. A receiver sets a reception threshold level to a level somewhat lower than the peak level of the pilot signal, and a detection of the levels of the phase pulse signals is carried out by comparing the phase pulse signals with the reception threshold level established by the pilot signal so that ghost signals below the threshold level are eliminated.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of a motorcycle includes an oil filter fixed to a rear portion of a crank case. The crank case accommodates therein an oil pump connected to the oil filter. The oil filter is detachably provided by means of threading engagement with the crank case.