Abstract: A vehicular headlamp including a discharge bulb which allows mounting of a lighting circuit case to a lamp body using a simple and inexpensive structure and which allows for easy removal of the lighting circuit case therefrom. Because it is disposed within the lamp body, the lighting circuit case need not have a full waterproof structure, and thus it can be formed as a simple, light-weight and inexpensive structure. The lamp body is composed of a main body having an opening and a cover for closing the opening. A mounting portion for the lighting circuit case is formed at a position closely adjacent the opening of the main body of the lamp body. As a result, the lighting circuit case can be easily removed through the opening.

Abstract: A shake correcting device of a camera is provided with: a detector for detecting a shake of the camera relative to an object cyclically; a calculator for calculating a degree of variation of a plurality of detection results of the detector, and calculating a detection precision based on a calculated degree of variation; and a corrector for executing a shake correction of the camera based on a detection precision calculated by the calculator.

Abstract: A flash device comprising a power source; a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source; a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light; a switching unit disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit; a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command; a pulse output unit, which is operable to output some kinds of pulses, the duty factors of the pulses being different from each other, for inputting a selecting command and For outputting one of the pulses in accordance with the selecting command; and a control unit for causing the switching unit to be switched on and off repeatedly in response to the pulse outputted from the pulse output unit.

Abstract: Binoculars allow easy alignment of optical axes and correction of parallax in accordance with the distance of an object. The binoculars have correction lenses in right and left optical systems, and perform image-blur correction by moving the correction lenses in directions perpendicular to the optical axes and thereby inclining the optical axes. The binoculars also perform parallax correction by moving the correction lenses in accordance with the object distance and thereby inclining the optical axes such that the object images are kept at the centers of the right and left fields of view. Alignment errors that remain in the optical axes after assembly are eliminated by moving the correction lenses. This elimination of alignment errors is done every time the binoculars are used.

Abstract: A reflector 11 to which a discharge bulb 16 is attached is made of a conductive material, and a casing (turn-on circuit casing 30) made of a conductor is attached to a rear-side opening portion of a lamp body enclosing the reflector so that the opening is closed. A grounded shielding tube 21 is provided to enclose the discharge bulb 16, and a grounded extension reflector 3B is disposed at the opening of the reflector 11. At least the reflector 11 and the casing 30 are collectively grounded so that it becomes possible to suppress the electromagnetic waves radiated from the discharge bulb 16 to its circumference.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp having a discharge bulb which prevents radiation of electromagnetic waves toward the forward positions of the lamp. Radiation into the other directions is prevented by shielding members disposed around the lamp. A shade disposed in front of a discharge bulb attached to a reflector is made of metal and a stem of the shade is secured to the reflector in a state where the stem is electrically connected to a socket fixture. The shade is placed at ground potential through the fixture. Thus, the front portion of the discharge bulb is shielded and prevents radiation of the electromagnetic waves to positions in front of the lamp.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for fixing a filament onto a support in an incandescent lamp in which the filament is prevented from being deformed when it is welded onto a support and also a filament supporting structure to be established by the process. The filament fixing process comprises wrapping a foil body around each supporting end portion of a filament; squeezing the wrapped foil body together at positions close to each end thereof to form a cylindrical portion and a fin-like portion protruding from the cylindrical portion; and welding the cylindrical portion onto a support (e.g. a support wire or a supporting piece of a shade) for the filament such that the fin-like portion of the foil body may be situated within the distance or range corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical portion as measured from the surface of the support.

Abstract: A lamp using a discharge bulb as a light source in which the size thereof in axial directions is reduced. A discharge bulb incorporated in a lamp body is used as a light source. A lighting circuit for lighting the discharge bulb is accommodated in a case, and the case is integrated with the lamp body 1. The lighting circuit accommodating case, which is thin-structured, is arranged on the back side of a socket connector of the discharge bulb, and a circuit section constituting the lighting circuit is arranged in an outer circumferential region of the socket connector. Since the lighting circuit is arranged to the rear of the socket connector, it is not necessary to provide a space for arranging the lighting circuit, and therefore the lamp can be made thin. In addition, the discharge bulb can be mounted and removed through a space in the lighting circuit.

Abstract: A turn behavior control system continually modifies its control performance by itself so as to adapt itself to varying external conditions such as curving and surface conditions of the road and the driving skill of the driver, according to study of the turn behavior of the vehicle controlled thereby under the influence of those external conditions, such that an anti-spin moment is generated according to a spin parameter estimating the spinning condition of the vehicle when the spin parameter exceeds a standard value which is reviewed by each unit period to be lowered as the frequency of operation of the control system during the unit period increases or to be raised as the time based integration of the spin value during the unit period increases, or the anti-spin moment is increased as the friction coefficient of the road surface lowers.

Abstract: A Doppler-effect speed detecting apparatus for detecting a ground speed of a motor vehicle, including a transmitter, a receiver for receiving a portion of a wave transmitted by the transmitter and reflected by a road surface, a circuit for detecting an output level of the receiver, and a ground-speed determining device for determining the vehicle ground speed, on the basis of the frequencies of the transmitted and received waves, according to a predetermined first rule when the output level of said receiver is higher than a predetermined threshold value, and according to a predetermined second rule different from the first rule when the output level is not higher than the threshold value.

Abstract: An anti-lock braking-pressure control apparatus for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels, including at least one wheel speed sensor which detects respective actual speeds of the wheels of the vehicle, at least one solenoid-operated valve which regulates respective braking pressures applied to the wheels, a ground-speed sensor which detects a ground-speed of the vehicle as a running speed thereof relative to a road surface, and a controller which electrically operates, for preventing locking of each of the wheels, a corresponding one of the one or more solenoid-operated valves at a controlled duty cycle, the controller selecting one of a plurality of duty-cycle determining rules, and determining the duty cycle of the corresponding one solenoid-operated valve according to the selected one duty-cycle determining rule, the plurality of duty-cycle determining rules comprising (A) a first determining rule wherein the duty cycle is determined based on both (a) a wheel speed error that is a deviation of the actual

Abstract: A flash device comprising a power source; a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source; a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light; a switching unit disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit; a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command; a pulse output unit, which is operable to output some kinds of pulses, the duty factors of the pulses being different from each other, for inputting a selecting command and for outputting one of the pulses in accordance with the selecting command; and a control unit for causing the switching unit to be switched on and off repeatedly in response to the pulse outputted from the pulse output unit.

Abstract: In a telescope according to the present invention, defocus amount of an optical system constituting the telescope is calculated; whether or not the defocus amount is within a predetermined in-focus range obtained from a focal point adjusting ability of human eye is discriminated; and when the defocus amount exceeds the in-focus range as a result of the above discrimination, the optical system is driven. The optical system is driven in a shorter time than a time required for removing a defocus by human eye.

Abstract: A binocular comprising a housing and a pair of first and second optical systems positioned on each side of a central line. Each optical system includes an object lens and ocular lens arranged at a front part and at a rear part of the housing respectively. Further, a light admitting window is placed on the central line between the first and second optical systems for admitting light from an object. A detection module, provided independently of the first and second optical systems is used to output electrical signals which represent the distance to the object. The detection module may include an optical path deflecting means for z-shapely deflecting the light from the light admitting window and for directing the light to a sensor. The binocular is compact and has a hand grip that is designed in order to be holdable and focusable by the use of a single hand.

Abstract: A flash device comprising a power source; a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source; a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light; a switching unit disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit; a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command; a pulse output unit, which is operable to output some kinds of pulses, the duty factors of the pulses being different from each other, for inputting a selecting command and for outputting one of the pulses in accordance with the selecting command; and a control unit for causing the switching unit to be switched on and off repeatedly in response to the pulse outputted from the pulse output unit.

Abstract: An improved flash device which is characterized in the provision of a power source, a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source, a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light, a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command, an insulated gate bipolar transistor disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit, and a control circuit for applying a voltage to a gate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor in response to the flash firing command and for interrupting the application of the voltage to the insulated gate bipolar transistor in response to a flash terminating command.