Abstract: A toner for development of an electrostatically charged image, said toner comprising a binder resin, a colorant, a function imparting agent, and a charge control agent, wherein said binder resin at least contains a polyolefin resin having a cyclic structure, said polyolefin resin is composed of a resin or resin fraction having a number average molecular weight (Mn), as measured by GPC, of less than 7,500 and a resin or resin fraction having said number average molecular weight of 7,500 or more, and in said polyolefin resin having a cyclic structure, a resin or resin fraction having an intrinsic viscosity (i.v.) of 0.25 dl/g or more, and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 7,500 or more and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 15,000 or more, as measured by the GPC method, is contained in a proportion of less than 50% by weight based on the entire binder resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical disc for recording data at a constant density, so called CLV (Constant Linear Velocity) or at zoned CLV. The disc has headers distributed along the disc on regular angular positions, a so called CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) pattern subdividing the track in track portions for recording an amount of data proportional to the radial position of the track portion concerned. Address information included in the headers is provided at the data density, which is CLV. The apparatus comprises header detection means for detecting the headers at the CAV locations, and for recovering position information from the headers at CLV density. Data sectors do not start at headers and are not fitted regularly between the headers, but start and stop at arbitrary positions which are calculated from the known amounts of data recordable in the track portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical disc for recording data at a constant density, so called CLV (Constant Linear Velocity) or at zoned CLV. The disc has headers distributed along the disc on regular angular positions, a so called CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) pattern subdividing the track in track portions for recording an amount of data proportional to the radical position of the track portion concerned. Address information included in the headers is provided at the data density, which is CLV. The apparatus comprises header detection means for detecting the headers at the CAV locations, and for recovering position information from the headers at CLV density. Data sectors do not start at headers and are not fitted regularly between the headers, but start and stop at arbitrary positions which are calculated from the known amounts of data recordable in the track portion.

Abstract: An information playback apparatus is disclosed which can play back information with a high degree of accuracy. The information playback apparatus plays back the addresses from a recording medium on which a land address and a groove address are recorded at positions displaced from each other.

Abstract: To provide a disc-shaped recording medium whose tracks at borders of zones have header information to enable a pick up to transfer to a target track, and whose data fields are not influenced by crosstalk or double refraction caused by the header fields. Two header fields 30 are formed in the two tracks 90 and two header fields 31 are formed in the two tracks 91 such that header fields 3 in the zone 2n, header fields 30, header fields 31 and header fields 3 in the zone 2n+1 range successively. Thus, each of tracks in the border area 7 has at least one header field 30 or 31, and even though a pick up transfers to one of the tracks in the border area 7, the pick up can find header information written in the header field 30 or 31 within a period required for the optical disc 1 to make one rotation.

Abstract: A diaphragm apparatus of a lens for a CCTV camera includes a diaphragm blade which opens and closes a stop aperture of the diaphragm apparatus; and an ND filter which is attached to the diaphragm blade, the ND filter having a spectral transmittance so that the transmittance of infrared radiation therethrough is substantially identical to, or less than, the transmittance of visible light therethrough, or alternatively, the ND filter having a spectral transmittance which cuts out infrared radiation. The ND filter covers the stop aperture when the diaphragm blade is moved to open the aperture.

Abstract: To provide a disc-shaped recording medium whose tracks at borders of zones have header information to enable a pick up to transfer to a target track, and whose data fields are not influenced by crosstalk or double refraction caused by the header fields. Two header fields 30 are formed in the two tracks 90 and two header fields 31 are formed in the two tracks 91 such that header fields 3 in the zone 2n, header fields 30, header fields 31 and header fields 3 in the zone 2n+1 range successively. Thus, each of tracks in the border area 7 has at least one header field 30 or 31, and even though a pick up transfers to one of the tracks in the border area 7, the pick up can find header information written in the header field 30 or 31 within a period required for the optical disc 1 to make one rotation.

Abstract: A recording and reproduction apparatus using a plurality of generations of optical recording media and an optical recording medium used in such a recording and reproduction apparatus, wherein the optical recording medium comprises first and second recording areas, the first recording area is divided into a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones is divided into a plurality of divided areas of one type among a plurality of types set in advance, the plurality of divided areas are assigned addresses and have fixed recording capacities, and identification information indicating the one type is recorded in the second recording area. The apparatus focuses a laser beam on the second recording area to read the identification information and records information on the first recording area or detects recorded information of the first recording area based on the identification information. The optical recording medium is for example a magneto-optical disk.

Abstract: A diaphragm control apparatus for a lens of a CCTV camera having a diaphragm driver for opening or closing a diaphragm in accordance with a diaphragm control signal, includes a remote diaphragm controller which outputs a remote diaphragm control signal to set an optional diaphragm position, a diaphragm control signal setting device which sets a diaphragm control signal in accordance with the remote diaphragm control signal and which outputs the diaphragm control signal to the diaphragm driver to move the diaphragm to a diaphragm position corresponding to the diaphragm control signal, and a power source which supplies power to the diaphragm control signal setting device. The diaphragm control signal setting device is provided with a memory for storing the diaphragm control signal when the power supply is interrupted, so that the diaphragm control signal which has been set at the interruption of the power supply can be output when the power supply is carried out again.

Abstract: When input signals for a plurality of programs, after being subjected to data compression, are to be multiplexed and recorded, switching of data compression ratios are controlled for each input signal according to the data transfer rate at which recording is possible and the unused capacity on the recording medium among other factors. In this manner, a program recording apparatus is enabled to simultaneously record a plurality of programs simply and reliably by applying this disposition to, for instance, an optical disk apparatus for recording television broadcast programs.

Abstract: A travel-limit circuit having a DC motor for a lens by which the endurance of the motor can be improved while at the same reducing the rebound due to the inertia of the moving body at a travel extremity. The travel-limit circuit has a lens motor that drives, e.g., zoom lens groups. Limits which detect whether the lens group has reached their travel extremities at which mechanical stoppers are provided. The motor driving circuit, which drives the lens motor and the limit switches, activates a short break by short circuiting the pair of input terminals on the lens motor via diodes while cutting current flow from the motor driving circuit for the lens motor upon detection that the lens groups have reached their travel limit.

Abstract: In a concentric ND filter in which multi-layered circular ND filter elements whose diameter is decreased stepwise toward the uppermost layer from the lowermost layer are concentrically provided on a first transparent substrate, a surrounding space of the concentrically multi-layered ND filter elements defined by and between the surface of the transparent substrate and the surface of the central ND filter layer of the smallest diameter is filled with a transparent adhesive.

Abstract: A circuit board including a general-purpose region for mounting a general-purpose electrical part, and a programmable region for mounting a programmable digital electrical part, the general-purpose region and the programmable region being provided on the same board. The circuit board may comprise at least four layers of a first wiring pattern layer, a second wiring pattern layer, a power source layer provided between the first and second wiring pattern layers, and a ground layer provided between the first and second wiring pattern layer.

Abstract: A data transmission and reception system according to this invention comprises a transmitter for transmitting data by modulating transmit data and a receiver for receiving and demodulating a signal from the receiver, wherein the receiver includes a parallel resonator for receiving a PSK signal; a full rectification circuit for detecting output from the parallel resonator; a low pass filter for shaping the waveform of output from the full rectification circuit; and a comparator for converting output from the low pass filter into a binary-coded signal so that demodulated signals can be obtained from the output of the comparator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for efficiently dephosphorizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing, or desulfurizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing a hot metal in a converter. The amount of flux to be charged and the amount of bottom-blown gas are adjusted so that the bottom-blowing agitation power and the CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio subsequent to the treatment become at least 0.1 kW/ton and from 0.7 to 2.5, respectively and the hot metal temperature at the treatment end point becomes from 1,200.degree. to 1,450.degree. C. Furthermore, the operation of the process is controlled so that the sum of a T.Fe concentration and a MnO concentration in the slag subsequent to the treatment becomes from 10 to 35% by weight by adjusting the top-blown oxygen feed rate, the flow rate of bottom-blown gas or the top-blowing lance height.

Abstract: This invention discloses a novel process to prepare multi-block copolymers with high molecular weights from two immiscible polymer segments. In one embodiment, the two polymer segments are reacted in a solvent mixture which comprises N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and diglyme. Such polymers are useful for alignment layer applications in display devices.

Abstract: A method for recording digital data for recording and reproducing data at a high transfer rate. A recording basic clock is generated which synchronizes with the reference clock previously recorded on an optical recording medium and has the same frequency as the basic clock of data to be recorded, the recording signal is generated in which the phase of recording basic clock is slightly shifted corresponding to the data to be recorded, and the data is recorded on the optical recording medium by modulating a laser beam by the recording signal. Therefore, it is possible to realize a method for recording digital data, a digital data recording apparatus and a digital data recording/reproducing apparatus capable of recording data with a simple constitution at a high speed when a data is optically recorded by shifting the edge position of information pit stepwise from the predetermined reference position in accordance with the recording information.

Abstract: An optical sensor apparatus for detecting a vapor of an organic solvent is characterized by a simple structure which allows easy manufacture, high reliability, low cost, compactness in size, and portability. The optical sensor apparatus has a light source unit which emits light for irradiating a polymer thin film formed on a flat reflecting substrate of a sensing element. Light reflected by the sensing element is detected by a light detecting unit. The light source unit, the sensing element, and the light detecting unit are integrally supported by a housing. The polymer thin film which comes into contact with a vapor of an organic solvent causes a change in the thickness and a reflective index thereof. This change is utilized to detect the existence and/or concentration of a vapor of an organic solvent.

Abstract: An on-board vehicle navigation apparatus which gives road directions to a driver which accurately describe the road conditions beyond an intersection at which to turn, without causing any confusion even if the route is complicated. A route planning section 9 determines a route based on the current position of the vehicle which is obtained through a current position determination section 2 and a destination assigned by a destination assignment section 10. The guide intersections which form this route are stored in a guide intersection memory 11. A route guidance section 12 continually monitors the current position of the vehicle and announces navigational instructions through a speaker 13 when the vehicle approaches a guide intersection. The type of navigational instruction is changed depending on the distance between the next two guide intersections through which the vehicle will pass.

Abstract: An equipment for producing silicon single crystals based on an MCZ method, which enables an operator to be protected from dangerous exposure to magnetic field without involving increase in the size of the silicon single crystal production equipment. In the silicon single crystal production equipment based on the MCZ method, a growth furnace control apparatus for control of a pulling apparatus is located away from the pulling apparatus by a predetermined distance so that the intensity of magnetic field immediately close to the growth furnace control apparatus can become 300 gausses or less. A monitoring camera for observing the growing condition of the silicon single crystal is mounted to a window 5a of a growth furnace to be operatively connected to a monitor of the growth furnace control apparatus and to cause the growth furnace control apparatus to control the pulling apparatus on a remote control basis.