Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A flexural resonator element includes a base body and a beam with a groove and a through-hole, the beam being extended in a Y direction from the base body and flexurally vibrating in an X direction orthogonal to the Y direction, the groove being formed on a surfaces of the beam perpendicular to a Z direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, and the through-hole having a smaller width in the X direction than a width of an opening of the groove in the X direction and penetrating from an inner surface of the groove formed on the surface of the beam to a surface of the beam opposite to the surface of the beam having the groove.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A flexural resonator element includes a base body and a beam with a groove and a through-hole, the beam being extended in a Y direction from the base body and flexurally vibrating in an X direction orthogonal to the Y direction, the groove being formed on a surfaces of the beam perpendicular to a Z direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, and the through-hole having a smaller width in the X direction than a width of an opening of the groove in the X direction and penetrating from an inner surface of the groove formed on the surface of the beam to a surface of the beam opposite to the surface of the beam having the groove.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A flexural resonator element includes a base body and a beam with a groove and a through-hole, the beam being extended in a Y direction from the base body and flexurally vibrating in an X direction orthogonal to the Y direction, the groove being formed on a surfaces of the beam perpendicular to a Z direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, and the through-hole having a smaller width in the X direction than a width of an opening of the groove in the X direction and penetrating from an inner surface of the groove formed on the surface of the beam to a surface of the beam opposite to the surface of the beam having the groove.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element includes: a resonating arm extending in a first direction and cantilever-supported; a base portion cantilever-supporting the resonating arm; and an excitation electrode allowing the resonating arm to perform flexural vibration in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. In the piezoelectric resonator element, the resonating arm includes an adjusting part adjusting rigidity with respect to a bend in a third direction that is orthogonal to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element, comprises: a base made of a piezoelectric material; at least a pair of resonating arms provided in a unified manner with the base and extending in parallel with each other from the base; a portion defining a long groove provided to each of the resonating arms along a longitudinal direction; and a driving electrode provided to the long groove. Each of the resonating arms includes a structure to adjust hardness balance between right and left structures with respect to a virtual central line extending in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical module having an optical element includes: (a) providing a housing having a base portion and a frame portion provided on the base portion; (b) providing a spacer on the base portion of the housing; (c) pressing the spacer to plastically deform the spacer; (d) bonding the optical element and the spacer; (e) disposing a cover member formed of a transparent substrate on the housing; and (f) providing a connector with a lens to surround the housing.

Abstract: An optical module including: a housing formed of ceramics and having a base portion and a frame portion provided on the base portion; an optical element provided inside the frame portion; a cover member for the housing, the cover member being formed of a transparent substrate; and a connector with a lens provided so that the lens is disposed above the housing. The optical module may include a sealing member for bonding the housing and the cover member.

Abstract: An optical module including: a housing formed of ceramics and having a base portion and a frame portion provided on the base portion; an optical element provided inside the frame portion; a cover member for the housing, the cover member being formed of a transparent substrate; and a connector with a lens provided so that the lens is disposed above the housing. The optical module may include a sealing member for bonding the housing and the cover member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical module having an optical element includes: (a) providing a housing having a base portion and a frame portion provided on the base portion; (b) providing a spacer on the base portion of the housing; (c) pressing the spacer to plastically deform the spacer; (d) bonding the optical element and the spacer; (e) disposing a cover member formed of a transparent substrate on the housing; and (f) providing a connector with a lens to surround the housing.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element, comprises: a base made of a piezoelectric material; at least a pair of resonating arms provided in a unified manner with the base and extending in parallel with each other from the base; a portion defining a long groove provided to each of the resonating arms along a longitudinal direction; and a driving electrode provided to the long groove. Each of the resonating arms includes a structure to adjust hardness balance between right and left structures with respect to a virtual central line extending in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A compact and thin piezo-electric resonator is provided having a high air-tightness and available at a low cost, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing having a structure which permits adjustment of the frequency after sealing the housing. Further, a surface-mounting type piezo-electric resonator is provided, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing, having a structure which permits frequency adjustment through an opening provided in a base or a lid forming the housing.

Abstract: A compact and thin piezo-electric resonator is provided having a high air-tightness and available at a low cost, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing having a structure which permits adjustment of the frequency after sealing the housing. Further, a surface-mounting type piezo-electric resonator is provided, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing, having a structure which permits frequency adjustment through an opening provided in a base or a lid forming the housing.

Abstract: A compact and thin piezo-electric resonator is provided having a high air-tightness and available at a low cost, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing having a structure which permits adjustment of the frequency after sealing the housing. Further, a surface-mounting type piezo-electric resonator is provided, in which a piezo-electric resonator element is provided in a housing, having a structure which permits frequency adjustment through an opening provided in a base or a lid forming the housing.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tuning fork type piezoelectric device 10 includes a step of mounting a tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrating element 16 to a package base 12 having a sealing hole 20 with a conductive adhesive 14 having a Young's modulus of 1×10?2 GPa and below, a step of bonding a lid member 18 to an upper surface of the package base 12 with a low melting point glass 30, a step of a vacuum sealing the sealing hole 20 with a sealing member after vacuuming the inside of the package 28 through the sealing hole 20, and a step of adjusting a frequency by irradiating laser light to the tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrating element 16 through the lid member 18.

Abstract: In a tuning-fork piezoelectric resonator element, a quartz wafer is subjected to wet etching such that the lengthwise, widthwise, and thickness directions of resonating arms are oriented corresponding to the Y-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis of quartz crystal, lengthwise grooves are provided on principal surfaces of the resonating arms so that the center lines thereof are placed offset in the -X-direction from the center lines of the resonating arms, thereby balancing the stiffness between the right and left portions in the widthwise direction of the resonating arms, and stabilizing bending of the resonating arms.