Abstract: An organic electronic circuit (C) with improved performance, particularly at elevated temperatures, comprises an organic electret or ferroelectric material (2) provided between a first electrode (1a) and a second electrode (1b). A cell with a capacitor-like structure is defined in the organic electret or ferroelectric material (2) and can be accessed electrically directly or indirectly via the electrodes. At least one functional interlayer (3a; 3b) is provided between one of the electrodes (1a; 1b) and the organic electret or ferroelectric material (2). The interlayer material is inorganic, non-conducting and substantially inert relative to the organic electret or ferroelectric material (2) in general. Typically the interlayer (3) is inert relative to the organic electret or ferroelectric material (2) particularly when the latter is a fluorine-containing material. A plurality of circuits (C) is used for forming a matrix-addressable array.

Abstract: A matrix-addressable ferroelectric or electret memory device and a method of operating are explained. The method includes applying a first plurality of voltage difference across a first and a second set of electrodes in the memory when data are read, and applying a second plurality of voltage differences when data are refreshed or rewritten. The first and second plurality of voltage differences correspond to sets of potential levels comprising time sequences of voltage pulses. At least one parameter indicative of a change in a memory cell response is used for determining at least one correction factor for the voltage pulses, whereby the pulse parameter is adjusted accordingly. The memory device comprises means for determining the at least one parameter, a calibration memory connected with means for determining the correction factor, and control circuits for adjusting pulse parameters as applied to read and write operations in the memory device.

Abstract: A method for treatment of sludge is disclosed, wherein the sludge has a liquid part and metal-containing particles intermixed therein. The particles comprise metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide and the method comprises the following steps: atomising the sludge; supplying the atomised sludge to a flame of a burner provided in a furnace; bringing the liquid part of the sludge to vaporize by means of the flame while maintaining said flame by means of a separate fuel supply; and bringing at least part of the metal-containing particles to melt by means of the flame. This provides an efficient method for taking care of waste material from plants in the steel or petrochemical industry, for example.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in sampling material on-line in a process system, comprising a sample collector (1) for receiving a sample of material, an elongate shaft (10) defining a passageway (14) carrying a measurement probe (11) for taking measurements from a collected sample, a pressurised fluid supply (31) connected to the passageway for delivering a pressurised fluid through the passageway to the sample collector for displacing the collected sample and a nozzle (33) provided at the distal end of the measurement probe (11) for distributing the pressurised fluid to the sample collector for displacing the collected sample from the sample collector (1).

Abstract: A sealing device for shutting down a pipe, comprising an expandable cylindrical sleeve (1), which is designed with a conical interior, and is provided with radially through-going slots (3) extending in the sleeve's longitudinal direction from each of the sleeve's end surfaces (4,5), with slots from opposite end surfaces being arranged between one another. A rod (2) extends through the sleeve (1), where the rod (2) is provided with a conical portion with an outside adapted to the sleeve's conical inside, and where the rod's conical portion has a smallest diameter smaller than or equal to the sleeve's smallest inner diameter in its non-expanded form C and a largest diameter equal to or larger than the sleeve's largest inner diameter in its expanded form.

Abstract: A matrix-addressable ferroelectric or electret memory device and a method of operating are explained. The method includes applying a first plurality of voltage difference across a first and a second set of electrodes in the memory when data are read, and applying a second plurality of voltage differences when data are refreshed or rewritten. The first and second plurality of voltage differences correspond to sets of potential levels comprising time sequences of voltage pulses. At least one parameter indicative of a change in a memory cell response is used for determining at least one correction factor for the voltage pulses, whereby the pulse parameter is adjusted accordingly. The memory device comprises means for determining the at least one parameter, a calibration memory connected with means for determining the correction factor, and control circuits for adjusting pulse parameters as applied to read and write operations in the memory device.

Abstract: A rotatable cutting tool unit of a tool assembly for a cutting machine that is used in conjunction with an associated method of cutting provides several novel aspects. The tool arrangement, which includes two tool units, includes first and second disk-shaped tools rotatable about an axis. The tools define maximum tool arrangement boundaries along the axis. A driving arrangement, at an axial location between the first and second tools, supports the first and second tools for rotation and transfers driving force. A radially outer periphery of the driving arrangement is at a radius less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the first tool and less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the second tool.

Abstract: A method for treatment of sludge is disclosed, wherein the sludge has a liquid part and metal-containing particles intermixed therein. The particles comprise metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide and the method comprises the following steps: atomising the sludge; supplying the atomised sludge to a flame of a burner provided in a furnace; bringing the liquid part of the sludge to vaporise by means of the flame while maintaining said flame by means of a separate fuel supply; and bringing at least part of the metal-containing particles to melt by means of the flame. This provides an efficient method for taking care of waste material from plants in the steel or petrochemical industry, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inflatable airbag (5) for vehicles. The airbag (5) comprises at least one seam (1) interconnecting the fabric layers (2) of the airbag (5), and an inner, gas-impermeable bag. The invention likewise relates to a method of manufacturing an inflatable airbag (5) comprising fabric layers (2). A gas-impermeable bag is swen in position between the fabric layers (2). Alternatively, two joined-together gas-impermeable layers (3) form the gas-impermeable bag, which gas-impermeable layers (3) are swen in position between the two fabric layers (2).

Abstract: An apparatus for use in sampling material on-line in a process system, comprising a sample collector (1) for receiving a sample of material, an elongate shaft (10) defining a passageway (14) carrying a measurement probe (11) for taking measurements from a colelcted sample, a pressurised fluid supply (31) connected to the passageway for delivering a pressurised fluid through the passageway to the sample collector for displacing the collected sample and a nozzle (33) provided at the distal end of the measurement probe (11) for distributing the pressurised fluid to the sample collector for displacing the collected sample from the sample collector (1)

Abstract: The present invention eliminates the need for an anti-aliasing filter in a receiver that employs an analog-to-digital converter. By maintaining a predetermined relationship between a local oscillator frequency and the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter, aliasing that would normally occur in the desired pass band is avoided. More specifically, the frequency of the periodic signal provided to the mixer is an integer multiple of half the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter. In a preferred, non-limiting example embodiment, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter FADC and the frequency of the local oscillator FLO are related by the following: FLO=n * FADC/2, where n is any positive integer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing read and write operations in matrix-addressed memory array of memory cells is described. The memory cells comprising an electrically polarizable material exhibiting polarization remanence, in particular and electret or ferroelectric material, where a logical value stored in a memory cell is represented by an actual polarization state in the memory cell. The degree of polarization in the polarizable material is limited during each read and write cycle to a value defined by a circuit device controlling the read and write operations, with said value ranging from zero to an upper limit corresponding to saturation of the polarization and consistent with predetermined criterta for a reliable detection of a logic state of a memory cell.

Abstract: A contactor having electromagnetically operated contacts, wherein main contacts and connections for power supply are arranged in a bottom area of the contactor and contact control means such as electric magnet and coil are arranged above the main contacts. The contactor includes a contactor enclosure being sequentially detachable in two dependent, successive steps through a locking element utilized by both.steps, such that in a first step access is provided to the contactor main contacts, and in a second step access is provided to the electric magnet and coil. The locking element is formed to engage a first and second arresting seat defined in the contactor enclosure. The arresting seats are arranged to urge the locking element into engagement with the second arresting seat as the locking element is released from engagement with the first arresting seat.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus for and a method of supplying a mixture having a required homogeneity, the mixing apparatus comprising: a mixing device (1; 101) for mixing a plurality of materials, the mixing device (1; 101) including a mixing vessel (7; 107) and having at least one inlet port (8, 9; 108, 109, 110) and an outlet port (11; 111); a supply line (19; 119) connected to the outlet port (11; 111) of the mixing device (1; 101); and at least one measuring device (23, 25, 27; 123, 125, 127) for measuring on-line at at least one point in the supply line (19; 119) the composition of the mixed material passing in use through the supply line (19; 119).

Abstract: A rotatable cutting tool unit of a tool assembly for a cutting machine that is used in conjunction with an associated method of cutting provides several novel aspects. The tool arrangement, which includes two tool units, includes first and second disk-shaped tools rotatable about an axis. The tools define maximum tool arrangement boundaries along the axis. A driving arrangement, at an axial location between the first and second tools, supports the first and second tools for rotation and transfers driving force. A radially outer periphery of the driving arrangement is at a radius less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the first tool and less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the second tool.

Abstract: A contact element of a relay, operative for closing and breaking a power supply circuit, respectively, and comprising a contact element (5) for establishing a current path over a pair of connection means (3, 4) in the circuit closing mode, the contact element being received in a socket (10) that is arranged to be movable relative to the relay, and a spring element (22) is operative for holding the contact element in the socket such that the contact element is detachable from the socket against the action of said spring element, in a circuit breaking mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for loading, securing and unloading trailers. In the method according to the invention. a device in the form of a trailer support (10) is utilized. The trailer support (10) comprises a supporting means (11) for supporting the front portion of a trailer, a coupling member (12) arranged on the trailer support (10) for coupling to a coupling means of a loading truck. The trailer. support also comprises a coupling means (13) for coupling to a coupling member of a trailer, Furthermore, the trailer support (10) comprises at least one lock device (14) for locking to at least one of a plurality of predefined locking points arranged in the floor (15) of a cargo space in order to achieve a securing of the front end of a trailer.

Abstract: A dynamic loading and unloading of model files over the Internet or a local network from a repository of objects located at a URL. The model file contains all aspects of the available features of the 3-D object including 3-D geometry, texture (image), audio, text, video as well as behavior and interactivity (logic), that is the sub-components or elements of the object model file. The models include ways of representing graphic images, which include the designation of endpoints rather than each point of an image. The present invention divides the model file into the sub-components and downloads each component separately in any order. Typical model file size is from approximately 10 Kbytes to about 1.5 Mbytes. Geometry describes the physical characteristics in a 3-D file, such as the shape and size. Images consist of a texture of the geometry. The sub-components or elements are downloaded separately to form a complete 3-D model. These elements are downloaded dynamically.

Abstract: In a method for performing read and write operations in a passive matrix-addressed memory array of memory cells comprising an electrically polarizable material exhibiting polarization remanence, in particular an electret or ferroelectric material, wherein a logical value stored in a memory cell is represented by an actual polarization state in the memory cell, a degree of polarization in the polarizable material is limited during each read and write cycle to a value defined by a circuit device controlling the read and write operations, with said value ranging from zero to an upper limit corresponding to saturation of the polarization and consistent with predetermined criterta for a reliable detection of a logic state of a memory cell.