Abstract: A bottom forming apparatus having a mandrel cap and a sealing plate configured to create a carton with an elevated bottom. The present invention alleviates the problem of cartons having soggy bottoms since the point of absorption, the raw paperboard edge, is elevated above the moisture which may be present during distribution from the packaging machine to the retailer. The elevated bottom portion is actually inverted into the carton with planar portions resting on the surface to support the carton. The sealing plate has a multitude of elevated portions and the mandrel cap has a recess and an angled edge for elevating the raw paperboard edge. The various embodiments of the sealing plate are able to elevate most carton bottom configurations including the standard TETRA REX.RTM. carton and the TETRA REX.RTM. sixth panel with skived edge carton.

Abstract: A method of socketing a pipe of oriented plastic having an annular groove inside the socket. An end portion (15) of the pipe is pushed onto a cylindrical mandrel element (11) and the region (l.sub.1) of the end portion at the opening thereof where the groove is to be located is heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of amorphous plastic and the crystalline melting point of crystalline plastic, respectively. The rest of the end portion is maintained at a temperature below the glass transition temperature or the crystalline melting point, respectively. The end portion (15) when said region is at a temperature above the glass transition temperature or the crystalline melting point, respectively, is pushed onto a second mandrel element (13) axially aligned with the first mandrel element the bottom portion of the socket being formed by said second mandrel element (13). The rest of the end portion is expanded to form the bottom portion of the socket.

Abstract: A carton having an elevated bottom portion extending along the length of an exposed raw paperboard edge to protect the carton and to prevent moisture absorption. Additional elevated portions are provided for additional raw paperboard edges on the bottom of the carton. The present invention alleviates the problem of cartons having soggy bottoms since the point of absorption, the raw paperboard edge, is elevated above the moisture which may be present during distribution from the packaging machine to the retailer. The elevated bottom portion is actually inverted into the carton with planar portions resting on the surface to support the carton.

Abstract: A process of lubricating or releasing comprising disposing a lubricant release composition between frictional contacting parts or between parts to be released from each other, respectively, wherein the composition includes 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxane-5-methanol and esters and/or ethers thereof, the alkyl in the aforementioned compounds being methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dendritic macromolecule of the polyester type comprising a central initiator molecule or initiator polymer having one or more reactive hydroxyl groups (A). The groups (A) are under formation of an initial tree structure bonded to reactive carboxyl groups (B) of a monomeric chain extender having the two reactive groups (A) and (B). The tree structure is optionally extended and further branched from the initiator molecule or initiator polymer by addition of further molecules of a monomeric chain extender by means of bonding between the reactive groups (A) and (B) thereof and is thereafter optionally further extended by reaction with a chain stopper. The invention also comprises a process for preparation of the dendritic macromolecule.

Abstract: A valve stack for high voltages includes a number of electrically interconnected valve modules, some of which are disposed one above the other. To prevent a large fire in a valve module from spreading upwards to valve modules positioned above it, fire screens are arranged between valve modules located one above the other.

Abstract: An electric tool for driving in fixing elements (10) into an object (4) by means of a magnetic field generated by supplying magnetizing current to an electromagnetic device, comprises a circuit means (17) which is adapted, when activated, to supply magnetizing current to said electromagnetic device. The tool comprises two actuators (18, 19) alternatively connectible to the circuit means (17) and adapted, when actuated, to activate the circuit means, one (18) of the actuators being an actuator which is activatable in a potential-free mode and which is, in an initial position, unconnected to the circuit means, and the other (19) of the actuators being connected to the circuit means in the initial position.

Abstract: An annular saw blade has a outer periphery with cutting or tearing members (15), an inner periphery or inner edge and an annular web portion (16) between the inner and outer peripheries. The saw blade (8) has at least one annular drive surface of a flexible, polymeric solid material (14), against which flexible drive surface a rotatable drive member (13) is intended to be pressed to effect the rotation of the saw blade about its center of rotation. An annular saw for this saw blade has at least one rotatable drive member (30) with projections (37) intended to be pressed into said flexible material of the saw blade.

Abstract: The invention relates to an annular circular saw blade (8) with imaginary center axis and with a plane of symmetry (19) which is perpendicular to the imaginary center axis, an inner rim section (14) with a first drive surfaces (22) provided to work in conjunction, through friction coupling, with second drive surfaces (38) on a rotating drive unit (30); an outer rim section (15) with cutting devices and between them a web portion (16) with an underside (17) and a topside (18), with at least one of the said sides (17, 18) exhibiting at least a first annular bearing surface (25) provided to work in conjunction with a second annular bearing surface (45) on a support element (40, 41) for holding the saw blade in position. According to the invention the said first drive surfaces (22) are provided in a groove (20) in the inner rim of the saw blade.

Abstract: In an annular saw force-exerting mechanism (56, 57) is provided so as to act on flange-equipped support rollers (40, 41) for the saw blade (8). The support rollers have at least one flange (44) engaging a groove in the web portion of the saw blade. The force-exerting mechanism acts essentially only in the axial direction of the support rollers essentially parallel to the plane of symmetry of the saw blade towards the centre of the saw blade. Alternatively, force-exerting mechanism is provided so as to act on a drive pulley for the saw blade essentially only in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drive pulley, parallel to the plane of symmetry of the saw blade outwards from the centre of the saw blade. In both cases the drive surfaces (22, 38) of the drive pulley and the saw blade are pressed against each other, and the inner edge of the flange on the support rollers is pressed against the inner edge of the groove in the web portion of the saw blade.

Abstract: A head which is intended to be mounted on a ladle, is provided inside with refractory material. At least one burner for liquid or gaseous fuel and oxygen gas for heating the melt in the ladle is disposed in the head. The head is provided with retainer means for the burner, by the intermediary of which the burner is axially shiftably disposed in relation to the surface of the melt bath and is rotatably disposed in relation to the vertical line of the burner to the surface of the melt bath. Depending upon the burner output, the burner is adjustable so as to emit the best possible heat transfer from the burner flame to the melt bath and, at the same time, to cause the slightest possible chemical action on the melt bath.

Abstract: In an annular saw, that is to say a circular saw with an annular saw blade, the saw blade is adapted to rotate about an imaginary center axis by being driven via a drive shaft which is parallel to the center axis and has a fulcrum between the annular saw blade and its center. Mounted on the drive shaft (27) are two drive rollers (25, 26), of which the adjacent surfaces (41, 42) are bevelled at a certain bevel angle so that the rollers comprise drive surfaces which, between them, form a wedge-shaped groove (40). The two lateral surfaces of the saw blade (8) are bevelled in a corresponding manner within a region (13) close to the inner edge (15) of the saw blade, the bevel angle being the same as for the drive rollers, the bevelled edge portion of the annular saw blade being clamped between the bevelled drive surfaces of the drive rollers in the wedge-shaped groove.

Abstract: In an annular saw, that is to say a circular saw with an annular saw blade, the saw blade is adapted to rotate about an imaginary center axis by being driven via a drive shaft which is parallel to the center axis and has a fulcrum between the annular saw blade and its center. Mounted on the drive shaft (27) are two drive rollers (25, 26), of which the adjacent surfaces (41, 42) are bevelled at a certain bevel angle so that the rollers comprise drive surfaces which, between them, form a wedge-shaped groove (40). The two lateral surfaces of the saw blade (8) are bevelled in a corresponding manner within a region (13) close to the inner edge (15) of the saw blade, the bevel angle being the same as for the drive rollers, the bevelled edge portion of the annular saw blade being clamped between the bevelled drive surfaces of the drive rollers in the wedge-shaped groove.

Abstract: A circular saw blade of centerless type which has a sawing depth greater than the radius of the circle, comprises an annular blade and at least one central disc provided inside the annular blade. The central disc contains at least one conduit or passage for a fluid, e.g. for a coolant or a flushing agent to the part of the disc which lies within the region of the maximum sawing depth.