Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light system includes a steering system that steers and focuses an amplified light beam traveling along a propagation direction to a focal plane near a target location within an extreme ultraviolet light chamber, a detection system including at least one detector positioned to detect an image of a laser beam reflected from at least a portion of a target material within the chamber, a wavefront modification system in the path of the reflected laser beam and between the target location and the detection system, and a controller. The wavefront modification system is configured to modify the wavefront of the reflected laser beam as a function of a target focal plane position along the propagation direction. The controller includes logic for adjusting a location of the focal plane of the amplified light beam relative to the target material based on the detected image of the reflected laser beam.

Abstract: Energy output from a laser-produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) system varies based on how well the laser beam can maintain focus on a target material to generate the plasma that gives off light. The system and method described herein optimize EUV light generation by using a closed-loop gradient process to track and fine-tune in real-time the positioning of optical elements that determine how the laser beam is focused on the target material. When real-time alignment of the drive laser on droplet position is achieved, EUV generation is optimized.

Abstract: Energy output from a laser-produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) system varies based on how well the laser beam can maintain focus on a target material to generate the plasma that gives off light. The system and method described herein optimize EUV light generation by using a closed-loop gradient process to track and fine-tune in real-time the positioning of optical elements that determine how the laser beam is focused on the target material. When real-time alignment of the drive laser on droplet position is achieved, EUV generation is optimized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for thermal effects on the focal spot of a lens used to focus a laser beam on a target material at an irradiation site in a laser produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light system is disclosed. The EUV energy output of the light system is measured at sample intervals as a proxy for the laser power. The thermal load on the focusing lens is estimated from the measured EUV power, the expected change in the focal length of the lens for the thermal load is calculated, and the lens position is adjusted to compensate for the calculated focal length change. The actual position of the lens may be determined and compared to its desired position, and adjusted to insure that it remains in the desired position.

Abstract: A laser light source experiencing an EOL condition, which might otherwise cause an unscheduled shutdown, is instead operated in a diminished capacity in one or more predetermined or calculated increments. Operating in such diminished capacity continues until the laser system can undergo appropriate maintenance either during a regularly scheduled shutdown or a newly scheduled shutdown. In the meantime, the diminished capacity of the laser system is accommodated by the utilization tool, as appropriate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for thermal effects on the focal spot of a lens used to focus a laser beam on a target material at an irradiation site in a laser produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light system is disclosed. The EUV energy output of the light system is measured at sample intervals as a proxy for the laser power. The thermal load on the focusing lens is estimated from the measured EUV power, the expected change in the focal length of the lens for the thermal load is calculated, and the lens position is adjusted to compensate for the calculated focal length change. The actual position of the lens may be determined and compared to its desired position, and adjusted to insure that it remains in the desired position.

Abstract: Described are devices, methods, and systems useful in the treatment of fistulae, and in certain embodiments those having openings extending into the alimentary canal, such as anorectal fistulae. Illustratively, an anorectal fistula can be treated by placing a volumetric construct within the primary opening of the fistula. In certain embodiments, the volumetric construct can include a rolled remodelable material processed to form a substantially unitary body. Advantageous such remodelable materials can include collagenous extracellular matrix materials, such as small intestine submucosa.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light system includes a steering system that steers and focuses an amplified light beam traveling along a propagation direction to a focal plane near a target location within an extreme ultraviolet light chamber, a detection system including at least one detector positioned to detect an image of a laser beam reflected from at least a portion of a target material within the chamber, a wavefront modification system in the path of the reflected laser beam and between the target location and the detection system, and a controller. The wavefront modification system is configured to modify the wavefront of the reflected laser beam as a function of a target focal plane position along the propagation direction. The controller includes logic for adjusting a location of the focal plane of the amplified light beam relative to the target material based on the detected image of the reflected laser beam.

Abstract: A laser light source experiencing an EOL condition, which might otherwise cause an unscheduled shutdown, is instead operated in a diminished capacity in one or more predetermined or calculated increments. Operating in such diminished capacity continues until the laser system can undergo appropriate maintenance either during a regularly scheduled shutdown or a newly scheduled shutdown. In the meantime, the diminished capacity of the laser system is accommodated by the utilization tool, as appropriate.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for drying remodelable materials, such that selective regions of the remodelable materials have differing properties. Also described are medical graft products having selective regions of differing material properties. Advantageous remodelable materials include collagenous extracellular matrix material, such as small intestine submucosa.

Abstract: Described are devices, methods, and systems useful in the treatment of fistulae, and in certain embodiments those having openings extending into the alimentary canal, such as anorectal fistulae. Illustratively, an anorectal fistula can be treated by placing a volumetric construct within the primary opening of the fistula. In certain embodiments, the volumetric construct can include a rolled remodelable material processed to form a substantially unitary body. Advantageous such remodelable materials can include collagenous extracellular matrix materials, such as small intestine submucosa.

Abstract: Described are devices, methods, and systems useful in the treatment of fistulae, and in certain embodiments those having openings extending into the alimentary canal, such as anorectal fistulae. Illustratively, an anorectal fistula can be treated by placing a volumetric construct within the primary opening of the fistula. In certain embodiments, the volumetric construct can include a rolled remodelable material processed to form a substantially unitary body. Advantageous such remodelable materials can include collagenous extracellular matrix materials, such as small intestine submucosa.

Abstract: A remodelable spacer for use in a bone plating procedure is fabricated from an extracellular matrix material. The remodelable spacer is positionable between a bone plate and a bone during an orthopaedic plating procedure. A method of using a remodelable spacer is also disclosed.