Abstract: A process for sulfurizing a composition of unsaturated fatty ester is described in which said composition is reacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a promoter that consists of at least one compound with an amine group and in the presence of water. When the sulfur-containing product is separated from an aqueous phase that contains the compound with an amine group, the latter can be reused for several successive sulfurations without substantial loss of activity of the promoter. The compositions of unsaturated fatty esters can be used as additives for lubricating oils or fats.

Abstract: Novel colloidal calcium thio-phosphorous products are described which can be obtained by a process comprising adding at least one phosphorus sulphide to colloidal lime in the presence of solvent, then heating the mixture, with stirring, then eliminating the solvent. These products can be used as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives in lubricating oils.

Abstract: New overbased colloidal products that comprise a core of micellized alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal carbonate, surrounded by a ring of at least one surfactant compound that is selected from among the dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphoryl-alkane-sulfonic acids, and their salts of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals are described. They are derived from the carbonation of at least one oxide or hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal that is carried out within an oily medium that contains hydrocarbon in the presence of at least one dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphoryl-alkane-sulfonic acid that corresponds to general formula: ##STR1## in which R represents a monovalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical that contains 1 to 30 carbon atoms and x has a value of 3 to 6, or an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of such an acid. These colloidal products can be used as detergent additives notably providing anti-wear and extreme-pressure properties in lubricants.

Abstract: Novel colloidal products are described, containing calcium hydroxide in the center of micelles which are stabilised in an organic medium by a shell of a surfactant, in a reversed micelle. The products are obtained by reacting calcium oxide CaO, calcium hydride CaH.sub.2 or calcium metal with water in an organic medium in the present of a surfactant such as an alkine-earth or alkali metal alkylaryl sulphonate. They are used mainly as synthesis intermediates in reactions requiring lime to be introduced into an organic medium, or as detergent additives in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Sulphur-containing substances are derived from mono- or polyethylenic hydrocarbons by sulphurization using elemental sulphur in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and in the presence of water and/or at least one alkyleneglycol.The sulphur-containing substances, which may contain 20% to 70% by weight of sulphur, are generally soluble in lubricants to improve antiwear and extreme pressure properties. They can also be used as sulphurization agents, in particular for preparing catalysts for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: Colloidal products are obtained by a process which comprises at least partial neutralization of an overbased colloidal bismuth sulphonate type product containing a basicity reserve in the form of micellized calcium, barium or magnesium carbonate, using at least one carboxylic acid containing sulphur and optionally containing nitrogen. These products can be used as antiwear and extreme-pressure additives in lubricating oils and greases.

Abstract: Colloidal products are described which comprise micelles of alkaline metals or alkaline-earth metals, held in the colloidal state by at least one alkaline metal or alkaline-earth metal alkyl- or alkylarylsulphonate. The products further comprise micelles of a product containing calcium, phosphorus and sulphur resulting from the in situ reaction of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with a phosphorus sulphide, in particular tetraphosphorus decasulphide, and water.These colloidal products are used as antiwear and extreme pressure additives for lubricating greases and oils.

Abstract: Sulphur-containing substances are derived from mono- or polyethylenic hydrocarbons by sulphurization using elemental sulphur in the presence of at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide and at least one glycol or polyglycol, or glycol or polyglycol monoether and/or water. Sulphur-containing substances, which may contain 20% to 70% by weight of sulphur, are generally soluble in lubricants to improve antiwear and extreme pressure properties. They can also be used as sulphurization agents, in particular for preparing catalysts for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: New sulfonated bismuth compounds and the preparation thereof are described. These new compounds can be represented by the following general formulae: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents a monovalent linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbonaceous radical containing 8 to 36 atoms of carbon, and R.sub.2 represents an atom of hydrogen or a monovalent linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbonaceous radical containing 8 to 36 atoms of carbon. These compounds, which possess surface-active and wear-fighting properties, are used as fuel additives. They can also serve as starting materials in the manufacture of overbased colloidal products usable as lubricant additives by carbonation of at least one calcium, barium, or magnesium oxide or hydroxide, the carbonate formed being kept as a colloidal dispersion in an organic medium by using at least one of the sulfonated bismuth compounds (I) and (II).

Abstract: Anti-wear and high pressure lubricating compositions with a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of at least one amine phosphate containing a terminal imide ring result from the reaction, under conditions for the formation of an amine salt, of at least one phosphate having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing usually from 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine.

Abstract: Colloidal products according to the invention are obtained by a method comprising a step (a) providing a colloidal product containing at least one alkaline earth metal carbonate in micelle form, optionally reacted with at least one compound selected from alkylsulphonic acids and alkylarylsulphonic acids and salts thereof and long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids and salts thereof such as to modify a proportion of up to 70% of the basicity reserve of the original colloidal product and a step (b) in which the residual basicity reserve is neutralized by at least one acid containing at least one element selected from boron, phosphorus and sulphur. These colloidal products can be used as wear resistance and extreme pressure additives in lubricants.

Abstract: Colloidal products are described which contain an element selected from sulphur, phosphorus and possibly boron, as well as an element chosen from metal alkalis, alkaline earth metals and zinc, micellized in at least one detergent agent. They can be obtained in micelle form by reaction of at least one mineral acid or organic acid, containing sulphur and/or phosphorus and possibly an acid containing boron, these acids being directly introduced or formed in situ with at least one basic derivative containing a alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal and/or zinc, in the presence of at least one surface active agent. The colloidal products can be used as wear resistance and extreme pressure additives for lubricants.

Abstract: Useful as additive for lubricating oils are novel phosphosulphur compounds in accordance with the general formula (I):(((R.sup.1 --S.sub.x --O.sub.y --A--).sub.r B.sub.v).sub.p P(X)--Y.sub.i --).sub.q Z.sub.min which e.g. R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group, A represents the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--, B represents the group --P(S)--S--CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.3)--O--, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom, Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or an oxygen or sulphur-containing hydrocarbon chain, Z represents a hydrogen, chlorine or sulphur atom, a polysulphide chain, a metal or an alkyl or alkenyl group, x=1,2 or 3, y=0, 1 or 2, v is 0 or 1, r is 1 (if v=0) or r=2 (if v=1), p=2 or 3, t=0 or 1, m=0,1 or 2, q=the valency of Z if Z is a metal or q=1 or 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 30.

Abstract: Colloidal products containing calcium and/or magnesium plus sulfur and nitrogen are obtained by at least partial neutralization of the basicity reserve of at least one overbasic sulfonate charged with calcium carbonate and/or with magnesium carbonate dispersed within micelles. The neutralization is by means of at least one functional dicarboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR1## where each symbol a is a whole number from 1 to 8, x and z are each a number from 1 to 4, y is a whole number from 0 to 4 and n is 1 or 2. These products can be used as additives in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Novel sulfurized compounds, their preparation and use. The compounds are based on the general formula{[R-S.sub.x --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --].sub.z CH.sub.3-z --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --}.sub.2 S.sub.y,in which R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized; x is a number equal to or greater than 1; z is an integer equal to 1 or 2; when z=1, n is an integer from 0 to 3 and p is an integer from 0 to 3, with n+p being an integer from 0 to 3; when z=2, n is an integer from 1 to 3 and p is an integer from 0 to 3; and y is a number equal to or greater than 1, at least one of the numbers x and y being strictly greater than 1. The sulphurized compounds can be used as extreme pressure or wear prevention additives in lubricating oils, in particular in oils for gear systems and those used in working metal.

Abstract: Modified copolymers usable as additives for lubricants and having antiwear and viscosity index-improving properties are prepared by the modification of ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers in such a was as to fix the sulphur and phosphorus. Such modified copolymers contain 0.2 to 2% phosphorus, and 0.4 to 4% sulphur and are used in a lubricating composition at a rate of 0.25 to 10%.

Abstract: A colloidal product is provided containing boron and phosphorus obtained by a process comprising:(1) providing a borated overbased sulfonate selected from the group consisting of a borated overbased alkali metal sulfonate and a borated, overbased alkaline-earth sulfonate;(2) reacting the borated overbased sulfonate with at least one phosphorus sulfide; and(3) separating the product obtained.

Abstract: A description is given of colloidal sulphur products, their preparation and their use as additives in lubricating oils. These products result from the reaction on a superbasic detergent additive, optionally modified by reaction with a boron derivative, of a "small size" sulphur carboxylic acid complying with the general formulaX--R.sup.1 --Sx--R.sup.3 --Sy--R.sup.2 --COOHin which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a divalent hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.3 represents a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical, X represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxylic group and x and y are in each case a mean value from 1 to 4 when R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbon radical and the sum x plus y is a mean value from 1 to 4 when R.sup.3 represents a single bond. Apart from their detergent properties, these products have high extreme pressure and antiwear properties, as well as an improved thermal stability and a satisfactory corrosivity with respect to copper.

Abstract: New sulfurized compounds, their preparation and their use are described. They correspond to the general formula: {[R--S.sub.X --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --].sub.z CH.sub.3-z --(CH.sub.2).sub.P --}.sub.2 S.sub.y, in which R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized; x is a number equal to or greater than 1; z is an integer equal to 1 or 2; when z=1, n is an integer from 0 to 3 and p is an integer from 0 to 3, with n+p being an integer from 0 to 3; when z=2, n is an integer from 1 to 3 and p is an integer from 0 to 3; and y is a number equal to or greater than 1, at last one of the numbers x and y being strictly greater than 1. These sulfurized compounds can be used as extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives in lubricating oils, in particular oils for gear systems and oil for working metals.

Abstract: Useful as additive for lubricating oils are novel phosphosulphur compounds in accordance with the general formula (I):(((R.sup.1 --S.sub.x --O.sub.y --A--).sub.r B.sub.v).sub.p P(X)--Y.sub.t --).sub.q Z.sub.min which e.g. R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group, A represents the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--, B represents the group --P(S)--S--CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.3)--O--, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom, Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or an oxygen or sulphur-containing hydrocarbon chain, Z represents a hydrogen, chlorine or sulphur atom, a polysulphide chain, a metal or an alkyl or alkenyl group, x=1,2 or 3, y=0, 1 or 2, v is 0 or 1, r is 1 (if v=0) or r=2 (if v=1), p=2 or 3, t=0 or 1, m=0,1 or 2, q=the valency of Z if Z is a metal or q=1 or 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 30.