Abstract: Olefin polysulfide compositions of high sulfur content and of very low chlorine content are obtained by a process comprising the steps of: (1) reacting sulfur mono- and/or dichloride with at least one aliphatic monoolefin of 2-12 carbon atoms, to form an addition product or "adduct", (2) reacting hydrogen sulfide with an alkali hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide dissolved in at least one substantially anhydrous C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 aliphatic monoalcohol, with optional addition of elemental sulfur, (3) contacting said "adduct" together with at least one monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound, with the alcoholic solution obtained at the end of step (2), (4) heating the resultant mixture from step (3), removing the monoalcohol, while adding water, and (5) after settling and removal of the aqueous phase, recovering the organic phase formed at least in major part of the desired olefin polysulfide composition. These compositions, of sulfur content up to 65% by weight and of chlorine content generally lower than about 0.

Abstract: Novel (poly)sulfurized carboxylic compounds, their preparation, and their use as additives to lubricating oils are disclosed. Such novel carboxylic compounds are more particularly esters of the general formula:[R.sup.3 --OC(O)--].sub.q R.sup.2 {--C(O)O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH.sub.3-z [--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --S.sub.x --R.sup.1 ].sub.z }.sub.p (1)wherein R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated monovalent aliphatic radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms; the number x is equal to or greater than 1; z equals 1 or 2; when z equals 1, n is an integer from 0 to 5 and m an integer from 0 to 0.5, with m+n an integer from 1 to 10; when z equals 2, n is an integer from 1 to 5 and m an integer from 0 to 5, with m+n an integer from 1 to 10; R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 31 carbon atoms and a valency of p+q; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms; p is an integer from 1 to 4; and q is an integer from 0 to 3, with p+q being an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A composition of a thiophosphoretted additive obtained by reacting a sodium or a calcium sulfonate surbasified by sodium or calcium carbonate, showing 0.9 to 10 basic equivalents per kilogram, with a phosphorus sulfide used in such proportion that he ratio of molar phosphorus to the basic equivalent of the surbasified sulfonate ranges from 0.002 to 0.15; and contacting resultant reaction product of the surbasified sulfonate and the phosphorus sulfide with at least one active hydrogen compound which is water, an alcohol, a phenol, a carboxylic acid, an ester-acid, a mineral acid, a mineral base, an amine, an amide or a mercaptan.

Abstract: Described are polysulfurized olefin compositions defined as being prepared by reaction of sulfur monochloride and/or dichloride with at least one monoolefin with 6 to 12 carbon atoms to form an addition product (or "adduct"), then by reaction of said adduct with a mercaptate or mercaptate-polysulfide of an alkaline metal or ammonium, itself obtained, for example, by reaction of a mercaptan with an alkaline hydroxide or with ammonia then, if need be, with sulfur, preferably in an alcoholic medium. These polysulfurized olefin compositions can be used as extreme-pressure additives in gearing oils or in oils for use in metal-working.

Abstract: Novel products of the copper dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphyl dithiophosphate type, their preparation and their use are described.These products can be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## in which R particularly represents a substantially hydrocarbon monovalent radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X and Y each represent a hydrogen atom or a substantially hydrocarbon monovalent radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, M represents copper in one of its two ordinary degrees of oxidation and n the degree of oxidation. The products according to the invention are usable as additives for lubricants in which they provide an effective protection against wear.

Abstract: A new class of antiwear and extreme-pressure additives consisting of thiophosphoretted compounds obtained by reactin gphosphorus sulfieds, especially phosphorus decasulfide P.sub.4 S.sub.10, with surbasic detergent additives, is described. The reaction product can be optionally treated by at least one active hydrogen compound: water, alcohol, phenol, acid, ammonia, amine, amide and/or mercaptan.

Abstract: Polysulphurized olefin compositions used as additives for gear oils, cutting oils, and as sulphurizing agents in organic media are obtained by a process comprising:a stage (1) in which at least one compound chosen from among sulphur dichloride and monochloride is reacted with at least one aliphatic monpolefin with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, thus forming an adduct;a stage (2) in which sulphurized hydrogen and at least one mercaptan is reacted with ammonium or alkali metal hydroxide dissolved in at least one aliphatic monoalcohol with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which is substantially anhydrous, so as to give an alcoholic solution;a stage (3) in which contacting takes place between the adduct obtained in stage (1) and the alcoholic solution obtained in stage (2);a stage (4), in which the resulting mixture is heated and then the aliphatic monoalcohol is eliminated by distillation, while adding water in a quantity adequate for maintaining in solution the reagents and the mineral products formed during the reaction; anda stag

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating a new or regenerated catalyst containing a support having as a base at least one metal or metalloid oxide and at least one active metal, comprising treating the catalyst with at least one sulfuration agent dissolved in a solvent.The invention is charcterized in that the sulfuration agent is a polysulfide with the following general formulaR'--S.sub.y --R--S.sub.x --R--S.sub.y).sub.n R'where R is a linear or a branched organic radical comprising from 2 to 12 carbon atoms; R' is an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R' possibly comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; x has a value of from 1 to 4; y has a value of from 1 to 8 and n is such that the average molar mass of the polymer is about 5000.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the metal dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphyl-dithiophosphate type, their manufacture and use. These compounds can be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a monovalent substantially hydrocarbon-containing radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X and Y are each a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substantially hydrocarbon-containing radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, M is a metal selected from zinc, cadmium, lead and antimony or an oxygen--and/or sulfur--containing molybdenum complex, and n is the valence of said metal M. The compounds according to the invention can be used as additives for lubricants wherein they act as a very efficient wear preventive.

Abstract: Compositions of olefin polysulfides having an increased solubility in mineral oils and in synthetic oils, particularly of the hydrogenated polyalphaolefin (P.A.O.) type, are disclosed.They are prepared more particularly by reacting a sulfur monochloride with a monoolefin (e.g. isobutene) so as to form an addition product, called an adduct, which is then reacted with an alkali metal or ammonium polysulfide, obtained, for example, by reacting a mercaptan with an alkali hydroxide or ammonia in the presence of elemental sulfur. These compositions of olefin polysulfides can be used as extreme-pressure additives in gear-oils or in metal-working oils.

Abstract: The disclosed polysulfided olefin compositions can be used in particular as extreme-pressure additives for lubricants. They are prepared by a process comprising the steps of:(1) reacting sulfur monochloride and/or dichloride with at least one monoolefin having 2 to 5 carbon atoms (generally isobutene) to form an "adduct"; (2) contacting said "adduct" jointly with an unsaturated monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound, in a proportion corresponding to a number of halogen gram-atoms from about 1 to 70% of the number of halogen gram-atoms of the assembly "monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound+adduct", with a sulfur compound (e.g. alkaline sulfide, hydrogenosulfide or polysulfide) and, mostly, element sulfur, in a proportion of 0 to 7 gram-atoms per mole of sulfur compound, within an aqueous or hydroalcoholic medium; (3) heating the mixture and, after settling in 2 phases, separating the organic phase containing the polysulfided olefin, and (4) optionally treating the obtained product with a base.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the metal dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphyl-dithiophosphate type, their manufacture and use. These compounds can be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a monovalent substantially hydrocarbon-containing radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X and Y are each a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substantially hydrocarbon-containing radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, M is a metal selected from zinc, cadmium, lead and antimony or an oxygen- and/or sulfur-containing molybdenum complex, and n is the valence of said metal M. The compounds according to the invention can be used as additives for lubricants wherein they act as a very efficient wear preventive.

Abstract: Soluble organic calcium complexes are prepared by (a) reacting a sulfonic acid with an excess of calcium oxide or hydroxide over the stoichiometry in a liquid medium comprising a hydrocarbon or a halohydrocarbon, methanol and a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alcohol, in the presence of a nitrogen compound having a long hydrocarbon chain, (b) reacting the resultant product with carbon dioxide and (c) recovering the resultant calcium complex.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of olefin polysulfides that can be used in particular as extreme pressure additives for lubricants is described. This method comprises: (1) reacting sulfur monochloride or dichloride with at least one mono-olefin containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms (in general isobutene) resulting in the formation of an adduct; (2) bringing into contact said adduct, conjointly with a hydrocarbyl halide, with a sulfur compound (for example, alkaline sulfides, hydrosulfides or polysulfides) and, in most cases, elemental sulfur, in an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic medium; (3) heating the mixture and, after it has settled into two phases, separating the organic phase containing the olefin polysulfide; and if necessary (4) treating the product obtained with a base.The olefin polysulfides obtained contain a high proportion of sulfur, have a satisfactory viscosity and are sufficiently soluble in mineral oils as well as synthetic oils to be used as extreme pressure additives in the formulation of gear oils.

Abstract: Process for hydrogenating a heavy hydrocarbon charge containing asphaltenes, in the liquid phase, in the presence, as catalyst, of a molybdenum blue solution in a polar organic solvent soluble in the charge, so as to remove impurities therefrom before subjecting it to further refining.

Abstract: A combustion improving additive for liquid fuel consisting essentially of an iron complex soluble in organic media, formed by reacting a sulfonic acid with ferric hydroxide in such proportions as to obtain a ratio of the number of acid gram-equivalents of the sulfonic acid to the number of gram-atoms of the iron in the range from 1/6 to 1/12, said reaction being conducted in the presence of a light aromatic hydrocarbon or a light halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon having a boiling point from 80.degree. to 230.degree. C. and of an organic liquid containing oxygen, at least partially miscible with water and substantially miscible with hydrocarbons, said complex being obtained in the organic phase of the reaction product.

Abstract: Used lubricating oils are first heated to 200.degree.-500.degree. C, optionally with added steam, and then filtered through a membrane such as an ultra-filtration membrane. The latter has preferably a cut range of from 5,000 to 300,000.