Abstract: An environmentally responsive building includes an array of window and/or building panels that are configured to generate an output product from environmental inputs. The panels may include photocatalytic elements capable of generating output product(s) from solar energy and atmospheric gas(es), and photovoltaic elements capable of generating electricity from solar energy. The building includes a transport network that provides inputs to the window/building panels and transports output product(s) to a storage system. A conversion system may be provided to convert the output product(s) to an input usable by the building. A supervisory controller monitors and controls the operation of the window/building panels as a function of the environment, and of the operation and capacity of the environmentally responsive components, including the panels, transport network, storage system and conversion system.

Abstract: Volatile organic compounds or oxidizing gases are detected when the work function of a metal-organic framework is measured to produce a sensor signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring nitrogen monoxide in exhaled air by way of a gas sensor unit (13) having at least one gas sensor (15), has a device for gas conversion (11), wherein a device for gas dehumidification (19) is connected upstream of the device for gas conversion.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention generally relates to an FET-based detector for carbon monoxide which is based on two sensitive layers. In at least one embodiment, the first of the sensitive layers is catalytically active and therefore reacts equally to alcohols, in particular ethanol, and carbon monoxide. The second of the sensitive layers is not catalytically active and therefore does not react to carbon monoxide, but only to ethanol. The concentration of carbon monoxide can be deduced from the comparison of the signals of the two layers. The two sensitive layers are implemented via similar metal oxide layers, an additional layer having a catalyst such as palladium being provided for the catalytically active layer. Alternatively, two different layers can be used, one of which is already catalytically active without an additional layer.

Abstract: In a method for recording and evaluating measurements related to the condition of a patient for configuration of a portable, patient-controlled device operated to record the measurements,—at least one measurement describing the condition of the patient is recorded by the device,—the measurement and/or at least one parameter derived therefrom is/are transferred to an evaluation device via a communication connection,—the measurement and/or the parameter is/are evaluated by or on the evaluation device by an expert system and/or an expert to determine patient-specific information,—configuration data ascertained in consideration of the patient-specific information is transferred back to the device via the or another communication connection, and—the device is configured according to the configuration data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor and a method for detecting soot, said method comprising the following steps: a first operating temperature is set on the sensor for a measuring phase, such that soot can be deposited on the surface of the substrate, but depositions interfering with the measurement of the soot are prevented; the time between the beginning of the measurement and the increase in conductivity between the electrodes is recorded; and a second operating temperature is set on the sensor for a regeneration phase, such that the deposited soot is burned with the oxygen in the test gas. The inventive product is a soot sensor for using in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A FET gas sensor having a relatively low operating temperature, for example, room temperature, is free from cross sensitivities from interfering gases by a preceding in-line filter. The sensor's service life is substantially stabilizable by using fabric-like activated charcoal filters which can be regenerated by a moderate temperature increase, and by limiting the diffusion of the analyte gas, which is made possible by the relatively small amount of gas detectable on the sensitive layer of the sensor. This substantially increases the service life of the filters. The gas sensor eliminates cross sensitivities to thereby increase the detection reliability thereof. Also, the gas sensor has relative long term stability and is economical to build. The gas sensor can read relatively weak signals generated by gas-sensitive layers, for example, without other stronger gas signals interfering with the weak signals.

Abstract: A gas sensor detects carbon dioxide, for example for use in air-conditioning systems. The gas sensor is based on a field effect transistor construction. It has a polymer-based material sensitive to carbon dioxide as gas-sensitive layer. The material has a cross-sensitivity with respect to air humidity. The influence of humidity is compensated for by using the signal of a humidity sensor.

Abstract: A gas sensor based on a field effect transistor (“FET”) evaluates both a change in work function of a gas-sensitive layer of the FET and a change in the capacitance of the layer. Thus, two physically independent signals are read from the gas-sensitive layer, each signal representing a sensitivity to a different gas. This reduces the effect of cross-sensitivities; that is, of one gas on the target gas. The underlying physical mechanisms, the first causing a change in the work function in a reaction with gases and the second causing a change in the capacitance of the sensitive layer, are widely different. Because of this, the two parameters demonstrate different gas sensitivities. If the reactions to both gases are known, the effect of the interfering gas on the sensor signal can be compensated for, and with this the concentration of the target gas can be determined.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a gas conversion rate in a respiratory gas analyzer, more particularly for nitric oxide (NO) in the respiratory gas, and an associated device are disclosed.

Abstract: A multifunctional control valve for gas measurement instruments, e.g., for respiratory gas analysis, is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the multifunctional control valve includes a first inlet opening, an outlet opening, a main line, and a bypass line, wherein a measurement chamber is in the main line, wherein the measurement chamber is arranged downstream of a first multiway valve which can selectively connect the main line or the bypass line with the inlet opening, and wherein the measurement chamber is arranged upstream of a second multiway valve which can selectively connect the main line or the bypass line with the outlet opening.

Abstract: An appliance is disclosed for measuring at least one gas analyte in exhaled air. In at least one embodiment, the appliance includes an inlet opening for the introduction of exhaled air (mouthpiece), at least one measuring chamber for receiving a sensor unit, and a conduit which provides a fluid connection from the opening to the measuring chamber, and wherein, depending on the gas analyte that is to be measured, a sensor unit with a suitable gas sensor can be introduced into the receiver.

Abstract: A biosensor for detecting an antigen using an antigen/antibody coupling includes: a silicon substrate, at least one interdigital electrode pair structure that is located on the silicon substrate, the electrode pair being interspaced at a maximum distance of 1.0 ?m; a counter-electrode on the silicon substrate; a reference electrode; a first layer of protein, covering at least the interdigital electrode structure; a selective second protein layer applied to the first layer and containing a capture antibody selected specifically with respect to the antigen of interest and to which the antigen can be coupled. A sensor signal can be read on the interdigital electrode structure, if the antigen is coupled to the capture antibody by way of a sample to be analyzed that comes into contact with the biosensor and a redox reactive molecule is enzymatically released on the sensor surface by an enzyme-marked detection antibody likewise coupled to the antigen.

Abstract: A fuel system is disclosed for a floating unit, including a fuel passage extending from a filler neck to a motor, a measuring unit disposed in the fuel passage through which at least part of the fuel flowing along the fuel passage flows, for measuring a sulfur content of the fuel through the measuring unit.

Abstract: A gas sensitive field effect transistor comprises a semiconductor substrate that includes a capacitance well, and source and drain regions of a field effect transistor. A gate of the field effect transistor is separated from the semiconductor substrate by an insulator, and a gas sensitive layer separated from the gate by an air gap. The field effect transistor provides an output signal indicative of the presence of a target gas within the air gap to an amplifier, which provides an amplified output signal that is electrically coupled to the capacitance well.

Abstract: An optical measuring cell for measuring gas absorption with a light source for introducing light into a measuring volume and a light sensor located approximately opposite the light source in the direction of light propagation and relative to the measuring volume for receiving light that is guided through the measuring volume is provided. The concentration of one or multiple target gases in the measuring volume is detected by an evaluation unit. The measuring volume is constituted by an internal volume of a hollow fiber having an internal diameter less than 1 mm.

Abstract: An operating method is disclosed for the selective detection of a target gas in a gas mixture to be measured by a field effect transistor with a gas-sensitive layer disposed on a carrier substrate, wherein the gas mixture to be measured is prepared by an electrochemical element such that the measured gas mixture includes minimal amounts of interfering gases that interfere with the measurement of the target gas, and/or at least one target gas is activated such that it is detected by the gas-sensitive layer.

Abstract: A volumetric flow of an analyte, including exhaled air, is fed to a gas sensor unit by used of gas flow device, which can include various sensors for the determination of nitrogen oxides. An oxidation catalyst is used when using an NO2 sensor, which converts nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and the gas sensor unit measures the content of nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen monoxide content is calculated from the nitrogen dioxide content. In order to eliminate cross-sensitivity moisture and ethanol are also measured. The device can be applied to the determination of nitrogen monoxide content of exhaled air.

Abstract: Humidity or a gas concentration or a solvent concentration in at least one gas is detected by a field effect transistor-based gas sensor whose sensor signal is generated by the change in the work function on a sensitive film. Detection is to be provided in a simple, effective and inexpensive manner. An additional change in potential is impressed at a gate of the field effect transistor and a variable of the resulting change in the sensor signal relative to the additional change in potential is evaluated. For example, each variable, which is e.g. a ratio, can be assigned a relative humidity, a gas concentration, or a solvent concentration. Sensitive films having at least one polymer are particularly advantageous.

Abstract: A remote sensor assembly includes a silicon substrate, a plurality of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors supported on the silicon substrate, a wireless communication circuit supported on the silicon substrate, and a processing device supported on the silicon substrate. The processing device is operable to obtain measurement values from at least one of plurality of MEMS sensors, perform a first filtering operation on the measurement values, and determine whether to cause the communication circuit to transmit a signal to an external device based on the first filtering operation.