Abstract: Disclosed herein are active agents, compositions containing them, unit dosage forms containing them, and methods of their use, e.g., for treating a metabolic disorder or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or for modulating a metabolic marker or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease marker.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are acylated active agents and methods of their use, e.g., for modulating an autoimmunity marker or for treating an autoimmune disorder.

Abstract: Disclosed are a near-infrared absorbing composition, an optical structure, and a camera module and an electronic device including the same. The near-infrared absorbing composition includes a copper complex represented by Chemical Formula 1. Definitions of Chemical Formula 1 are the same as described in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a near-infrared absorbing composition, an optical structure, and a camera module and an electronic device including the same. The near-infrared absorbing composition includes a copper complex represented by Chemical Formula 1. (L1)-Cu-(L2)n ??[Chemical Formula 1] Definitions of Chemical Formula 1 are described in the detailed description.

Abstract: A walking assistance device includes: an upper body disposed on a thigh of a user; a lower outer body rotatably connected to the upper body and disposed on a calf of the user; a lower inner body disposed to at least partially overlap the lower outer body; a first elastic portion which has a bent part in contact with the ground so as to provide an elastic force during a user's walk; an Achilles tendon portion connected to one end of the first elastic portion and slidably connected to the lower outer body and the lower inner body; a second elastic portion interposed between the upper body and the lower outer body; and a loading potion which is connected to a bent part of the second elastic portion and movably installed in the lower outer body.

Abstract: A nano-structured block copolymer that includes a self-assembled block copolymer disposed on a substrate, wherein the block copolymer includes a plurality of block structural units, and at least two block structural units have a solubility parameter difference of greater than or equal to about 5 megaPascal1/2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases caused by dry dyes, containing imatinib as an active ingredient and, more specifically, to an eye bath lotion for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases associated with dry eye syndrome, containing imatinib an active ingredient. Imatinib of the present invention effectively protects the corneal epithelia and inhibits the degeneration thereof, thereby being usable for a use of alleviating or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases associated with dry eye syndrome.

Abstract: An electrical conductor includes a substrate; and a conductive layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of silver nanowires, wherein the silver nanowires exhibit a main peak assigned to a (111) crystal plane in an X-ray diffraction spectrum thereof, and a 2? full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the main peak after Gaussian fitting is less than about 0.40 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases caused by dry dyes, containing imatinib as an active ingredient and, more specifically, to an eye bath lotion for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases associated with dry eye syndrome, containing imatinib an active ingredient. Imatinib of the present invention effectively protects the corneal epithelia and inhibits the degeneration thereof, thereby being usable for a use of alleviating or treating dry eye syndrome or eye diseases associated with dry eye syndrome.

Abstract: A polymer having a repeating unit represented by Formula 1, wherein R1 through R14, X1, and Ar1 are the same as defined in the detailed description, and an organic light-emitting diode including the polymer are described.

Abstract: A conductor includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate and including two or more islands including graphene, and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer and including a conductive metal nanowire, wherein at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the islands including graphene includes a P-type dopant.

Abstract: A conductor includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate and including two or more islands including graphene, and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer and including a conductive metal nanowire, wherein at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the islands including graphene includes a P-type dopant.

Abstract: An electrical conductor includes a substrate; and a conductive layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of silver nanowires, wherein the silver nanowires exhibit a main peak assigned to a (111) crystal plane in an X-ray diffraction spectrum thereof, and a 2? full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the main peak after Gaussian fitting is less than about 0.40 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention relates to guanidine compounds for inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and use thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a OXPHOS-related disease, particularly cancer, by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reprogramming cellular metabolism.

Abstract: A method of patterning a block copolymer layer, the method including: providing a substrate with a guide pattern formed on a surface thereof; forming a block copolymer layer on the substrate with the guide pattern, the block copolymer layer including a block copolymer; and directing self-assembly of the block copolymer on the substrate according to the guide pattern to form n/2 discrete domains, wherein the guide pattern includes a block copolymer patterning area having a 90-degree bending portion, and an outer apex and an inner apex of the 90-degree bending portion are each rounded, the outer apex having a first curvature radius r1, and the inner apex having a second curvature radius r2, respectively, and the width of the patterning area W, the first curvature radius r1 and the second curvature radius r2, satisfy Inequation 1: 2 + 2 - ( 1 + 2 ) [ ( n + 2 ) 2 n ? ( n + 1 ) ] 1 3 ? r 1 - r 2 W ? 2 + 2 - ( 1 + 2 ) [ ( n - 2 ) 2 n ? ( n - 1 )

Abstract: There is provided a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of vascular or valvular calcification including a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. The DPP-4 according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is expressed at an increased level when blood vessels and valves are calcified, and the calcification decreases remarkably upon administration of the DPP-4 inhibitor. Therefore, the DPP-4 inhibitor can be useful in treatment or prophylaxis of blood vessels or valves.

Abstract: A method of patterning a block copolymer layer, the method including: providing a substrate including a topographic pattern on a surface of the substrate, wherein the topographic pattern includes a trench and a mesa; forming, on the surface of the substrate, an underlayer including a polymer, wherein the polymer includes a repeating unit derived from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic vinyl monomer and has an anchoring group; heat-treating the underlayer to anchor the underlayer to the surface of the substrate via the anchoring group; irradiating the heat-treated underlayer with light to form a crosslinked polymer with a crosslink between carbon atoms of main chains of the polymer; forming a block copolymer layer on the underlayer including the crosslinked polymer; and heat-treating the block copolymer layer to form a self-assembled structure of the block copolymer directed by the topographic pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin, a polymer film containing the wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin, a flexible metal clad laminate containing the polymer film, and a flexible printed circuit board employing the flexible metal clad laminate. The disclosed wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin includes 5-25 parts by mole of a repeating unit (A) derived from an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid; 20-40 parts by mole of at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit (B) derived from an aromatic amine having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a repeating unit (B?) derived from an aromatic diamine; 20-40 parts by mole of a repeating unit (C) derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; 5-20 parts by mole of a repeating unit (D) derived from an aromatic diol; and 5-20 parts by mole of a repeating unit (E) derived from an aromatic amino carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method of patterning a block copolymer layer includes: providing a guide pattern on a surface of a substrate, the guide pattern including sidewalls each elongated in a longitudinal direction and spaced apart from each other, a trench defined by a bottom surface and facing surfaces of the sidewalls, and having a uniform width over an entire length thereof in the longitudinal direction, and a latitudinal wall perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trench; providing a block copolymer layer on the surface of the substrate; and annealing the block copolymer to cause self-assembly of the block copolymer and to direct the same in the trench. The block copolymer has a microphase-separation into anisotropic discrete domains aligned with a period ?o in the trench by the annealing.

Abstract: Provided are a wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin, a polymer film containing the wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin, a flexible metal clad laminate containing the polymer film, and a flexible printed circuit board employing the flexible metal clad laminate. The disclosed wholly aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin includes 5-25 parts by mole of a repeating unit (A) derived from an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid; 20-40 parts by mole of at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit (B) derived from an aromatic amine having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a repeating unit (B?) derived from an aromatic diamine; 20-40 parts by mole of a repeating unit (C) derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; 5-20 parts by mole of a repeating unit (D) derived from an aromatic diol; and 5-20 parts by mole of a repeating unit (E) derived from an aromatic amino carboxylic acid.