Abstract: A multilayer film suitable as a backing for a photovoltaic module is provided. The film comprises, in the order listed: a) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, based on the overall layer moulding composition, of polyamide; b) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 50% by weight, based on the overall layer moulding composition, of a polymer fraction consisting of: I) 30 to 95 parts by weight of polyamide and II) 5 to 70 parts by weight of polyolefin, where a sum of I) and II) in parts by weight is 100; and c) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, based on the overall moulding composition, of polyamide; wherein at least one of layers a), b) and c) further comprises a polyamide elastomer which is a polyetheresteramide, a polyetheramide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A calibration system for calibrating a transmission provides a calibrated clutch fill time for an oncoming clutch by activating a parking brake of a machine associated with the transmission and calibrating each clutch by setting a transmission characteristic parameter to an initial value, and then activating a clutch solenoid associated with the clutch. The transmission characteristic is periodically measured, and when the measured value of the transmission characteristic exceeds the initial value for a predetermined number of consecutive periods, the fill time for the clutch is set equal to the time elapsed during the total number of measurement periods minus one less than the predetermined number of consecutive periods.

Abstract: A film whose outer layer is composed of a molding composition which is in essence composed of the following components: a) from 3 to 50% by weight of a polyamide, selected from the group of PA11 and PA12, and b) from 50 to 97% by weight of a polyamide, selected from the group of PA1012 and PA1212, where the percentages are based on the entirety of components a) and b), is suitable for decoration of moldings which retain their gloss during their service time.

Abstract: A method of improving perspiration absorbency in a shoe or boot using particulate amorphous silica as an absorbent in insoles for shoes and/or boots, as well as a shoe insole containing an absorbent which contains particulate amorphous silica, and footware containing the insole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the gradual temperature control of chemical substances with defined entry and exit temperatures in a heater, said substances being maintained in a specific defined temperature range as they are conducted through the heater, and to a device for carrying out said method. The aim of the invention is to provide a suitable method and device for carrying out said method, said device permitting an economically advantageous, reliable and environmentally friendly operation, in particular during the start-up process for the device. This aim is achieved by the features according to the invention mentioned in claims 1;11 and 19; 22.

Abstract: A ball screw drive has a housing in which a spindle nut is arranged on a ball screw spindle. An overload clutch disengages when a force acting on the ball screw spindle reaches a release force. A preloading device, with at least one adjusting member, can be set to a preloading force and acts on the overload clutch. A moveable pressure element is provided on which the preloading device can engage in order to transmit the preloading force to the overload clutch. The housing is of single-part design and the pressure element is disposed so as to slide on a housing face and on a peripheral face of the spindle nut.

Abstract: A film whose outer layer is composed of a molding composition which is in essence composed of the following components: a) from 3 to 50% by weight of a polyamide, selected from the group of PA11 and PA12, and b) from 50 to 97% by weight of a polyamide, selected from the group of PA1012 and PA1212, where the percentages are based on the entirety of components a) and b), is suitable for decoration of moldings which retain their gloss during their service time.

Abstract: A multilayer film which comprises the following layers: I. an upper layer composed of a polyamide molding composition which is transparent at the selected layer thickness, and II. a lower layer composed of a polyamide molding composition which comprises the following components: a) from 70 to 99% by weight of a polyamide selected from ?) polyamides that can be prepared from lactam monomers or from the corresponding ?-aminocarboxylic acids having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms, ?) polyamides based on diamine and dicarboxylic acids, in each case having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, ?) polyamide elastomers that can be prepared from oligomeric, difunctional units based on one of the polyamides mentioned under ?) and ?), and on a difunctional oligoalkylene glycol, ?) copolyamides that can be prepared from the following components: from 50 to 99.

Abstract: A molding composition which comprises the following components: a) a semicrystalline copolyamide and b) an effective amount of a crystallization aid selected from nanoscale fillers and metal salts, metal oxides, or metal hydroxides which can react with the carboxy end groups of the copolyamide, where the copolyamide can be prepared from the following monomer combination: ?) from 50 to 99 mol % of a lactam or of a corresponding co-aminocarboxylic acid having 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms or of a substantially equimolar mixture composed of a diamine and of a dicarboxylic acid, where the diamine has been selected from the group of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,8-octamethylenediamine, 1,10-decamethylenediamine, and 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine, and the dicarboxylic acid has been selected from the group of sebacic acid and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, and ?) from 1 to 50 mol % of a substantially equimolar mixture composed of a diamine and of a dicarboxylic acid, where either the diamine or the dicarboxylic acid

Abstract: An anisotropic bending element which contains at least the following layers: I. a reinforcing layer I, which contains a fibrous reinforcing component I with a tensile modulus of elasticity of from 1,800 to 20,000 N/mm2, and II. an elastomeric layer II with a tensile modulus of elasticity of from 2 to 1,300 N/mm2; the component I of the reinforcing layer or layers I and the total amount of elastomer of the layer or layers II having in relation to one another a weight ratio of 1:99 to 40:60 and, in the case of bending about an axis running parallel to the reinforcing layer I, the ratio of the rigidity of the complete bending element in the case of a positive direction of rotation in relation to the rigidity in the case of a negative direction of rotation being 1:1.2 or more. The bending element can be used, for example, as an insert part for sports shoes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three piece aluminum wheel assembly comprising the steps of providing a pair of circular blanks made of a heat treatable alloy to be formed into preforms of a general shape. The preforms are subjected to a quenching step in an unconstrained condition to allow for natural thermal deformation during the quenching operation. The as quenched preforms are then subjected to a first forming operation using spin forming to remove the effects of the thermal deformation in the preform, followed by a second forming step using spin forming to shape the component to its desired final shape. The components are then exposed to precipitation heating and finishing to yield the final product.

Abstract: An anisotropic bending element which contains at least the following layers:

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for exposing a substrate surface to at least one fluid. The device comprises a substrate having a surface containing a contiguous target region and a cover plate. A plurality of fluid-transporting features is present in a cover plate surface, and the features are separated by at least one partitioning wall representing an integral portion of the cover plate. The features fluidly communicate with at least one outlet, and each feature fluidly communicates with an inlet. The cover plate surface is positioned in fluid-tight contact with the substrate surface such that the at least one partitioning wall contacts the contiguous target region. As a result, each feature, in combination with the substrate surface, forms a flow passage containing a distinct exposure zone on the target region. Also provided are methods for exposing a substrate surface to a plurality of cells and methods for detecting cell-cell interactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for forming a concentration gradient of a reagent for use in chemotactic evaluation. A flow passage is provided and defined at least in part by a substrate having a target region on a surface thereof. A concentration gradient of a reagent is formed over the target region by controlled delivery of a fluid containing the reagent in laminar flow through the flow passage and over the target region. The concentration gradient is suitable for chemotactic evaluation. Typically, the inventive methods and devices are employed to evaluate the chemotactic interaction between a candidate compound and a monolayer of immobilized cells.