Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for the regulation of light transmission and in particular to switchable windows. The present invention in particular relates to window elements which comprise electrically switchable optical cells with a switchable layer containing a liquid-crystalline medium having a clearing point which is within the working temperature of the window element. The present invention also relates to liquid-crystalline media for use in the window elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly of switching layers for dimming and scattering of light and to window elements comprising the arrangement of switching layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing genetically engineered cells in vitro. The method includes direct injection of a genome editing composition into a cell nucleus of a cell. The genome editing composition includes at least one Cas protein and at least one gRNA molecule to target a distinct genomic location. The injection is performed with a microelectromechanical systems injection chip including a cantilever. The cantilever includes a microchannel being in fluid communication with a nanosyringe, and wherein direct injection includes providing a fluid communication between the microchannel and the nucleus of the cell by insertion of the nanosyringe into the nucleus of the cell and injecting the genome editing composition via the microchannel through the nanosyringe into the nucleus of the cell.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for forming container groups with a predetermined container piece count from a continuous container stream in a transport area of a filling plant, comprising an infeed conveyor belt, an outfeed conveyor belt, a conveyor belt interposed between the infeed conveyor belt and the outfeed conveyor belt, and a drive station for introducing separating elements and forming container groups. Here, the speed of a separating element introduced into the region of the transport belt is controlled to no more than the first speed, in particular to a speed lower by no more than 2% than the first speed, as long as the following container group has not been fully moved onto the transport belt. The disclosure further relates to a method for forming container groups.

Abstract: A method for adjusting or controlling at least one actuator in a vehicle (1), for example an electrical servo motor (2) for a seat (3), a tripping mechanism of an airbag (4), or a display device (5) in the vehicle (1), comprising the following steps: capturing an image or a video of a preferably sitting person in the vehicle (1) through an image capturing unit (6) in 2D or 3D arranged in the vehicle (1), extracting the body data of the person through a data processing unit (7) and generation of a body data model (8) from the body data through a data processing unit (7), comparing the body data model (8) with a plurality of reference body poses (11) obtained from a database (10) through a comparator unit (9) and selecting a corresponding reference body pose (11), activating an actuator assigned to the selected reference body pose (11) with a setting of the actuator assigned to the selected reference body pose (11) through an activation unit (12).

Abstract: A method of generating a calibrated mathematical function for performing a quantitative determination of nitrogen containing units in a sample is described as well as a method of performing a quantitative determination of nitrogen containing units in a material and/or in a material sample. The function generation method includes generating a set of data of each of M reference samples. The set of data includes at least one N isotope NMR relaxation time and at least one isotope NMR relaxation time. Each set of reference data is associated to known quantity of nitrogen containing units of the respective reference sample. Also a processor having an embedded calibrated mathematical function and a system for performing a quantitative determination of nitrogen containing units is described.

Abstract: A mooring connection including: a linkage comprising a plurality of articulated parts, adjacent articulated parts of said linkage in pin joint engagement and arranged to pivot at the pin joint about a first axis; wherein at least one pin joint within the linkage arranged to pivot about a second axis, said second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

Abstract: A method and a device for buffering containers in a container treatment plant are disclosed. The containers are stored in single rows by at least one inlet conveyor belt in an inlet direction, are shifted in single rows on a buffer surface transversely adjacent by shuttles with row pushers guided on rails and driven individually into a buffer direction extending transversely to the inlet direction in single rows, and are withdrawn by at least one outlet conveyor belt adjacent to the buffer surface in the buffer direction in an outlet direction extending transversely to the buffer direction, or by at least one planar motor armature that can be driven towards the buffer surface and that is in particular driven two-dimensionally. Thus, the containers can be decelerated/accelerated with respect to the inlet/outlet conveyor belt in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A method and a device for buffering containers in a container treatment plant are disclosed. The containers are stored in single rows by at least one inlet conveyor belt in an inlet direction, are shifted in single rows on a buffer surface transversely adjacent by shuttles with row pushers guided on rails and driven individually into a buffer direction extending transversely to the inlet direction in single rows, and are withdrawn by at least one outlet conveyor belt adjacent to the buffer surface in the buffer direction in an outlet direction extending transversely to the buffer direction, or by at least one planar motor armature that can be driven towards the buffer surface and that is in particular driven two-dimensionally. Thus, the containers can be decelerated/accelerated with respect to the inlet/outlet conveyor belt in a controlled manner.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method of reducing output torque deficits during the launch of a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission, wherein the variator has an input connected to a prime mover and an output. The method comprises the steps of determining a rate of change of ratio in the transmission, and predicting a required motor speed ratio rate of change value of the variator on the basis of: (i) the determined rate of change of ratio in the transmission, and (ii) the configuration of the transmission. The speed of the variator output is adjusted so as to achieve the required motor speed ratio rate of change value.

Abstract: A launch control method is provided for a vehicle having an accelerator, a brake and a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The method comprises determining: (i) a braking torque set by a vehicle operator by pressing a brake pedal of the vehicle; and (ii) a holding torque required to hold the vehicle in a stationary position. The method also determines that the operator has released the brake pedal. The brake is released whilst engaging a launch clutch of the CVT, wherein the launch clutch is engaged by increasing a clutch engagement pressure at a first pressure ramp rate, such that the sum of the braking torque and a clutch torque of the clutch remains equal to the holding torque. An acceleration torque requested by the operator via the accelerator is determined. The clutch engagement pressure is increased at a second pressure ramp rate when it is determined that the braking torque is substantially zero, such that the clutch torque is increased by the acceleration torque.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating input torque and output torque in a continuously variable transmission having a variator. The method comprising the steps of determining (202) a transmission Input and/or output speed, calculating (204) the speed of each of a plurality of transmission components by reflecting the transmission input and/or output speed through the transmission to each of the plurality of transmission components, and calculating (208) the speed rate of change of each of the plurality of transmission components. The inertia torque of each of the plurality of transmission components is calculated (210) based upon its respective speed rate of change and a predetermined component inertia value (209). The method further comprises the steps of determining (211) a motor torque of the variator, and calculating (212) a transmission input torque and transmission output torque by reflecting the motor torque of the variator through the transmission to the transmission input and output.

Abstract: A transmission for a machine is disclosed. The transmission may comprise a torque path providing a path for transmission of torque from an input shaft to an output shaft, and a single clutch element along the torque path. The transmission may further comprise a clutch actuator configured to actuate engagement of the clutch element, and a clutch pressure control (CPC) valve configured to permit a flow of hydraulic fluid to the clutch actuator through a control pressure line when in an open position to cause the clutch actuator to actuate engagement of the clutch element. The transmission may further comprise a failure mode response (FMR) valve in the control pressure line between the CPC valve and the clutch actuator. The FMR valve may have a failure position obstructing flow of the hydraulic fluid from the CPC valve to the clutch actuator when the CPC valve is in the open position.

Abstract: A transmission for a machine is disclosed. The transmission may comprise a torque path providing a path for transmission of torque from an input shaft to an output shaft, and a single clutch element along the torque path. The transmission may further comprise a clutch actuator configured to actuate engagement of the clutch element, and a clutch pressure control (CPC) valve configured to permit a flow of hydraulic fluid to the clutch actuator through a control pressure line when in an open position to cause the clutch actuator to actuate engagement of the clutch element. The transmission may further comprise a failure mode response (FMR) valve in the control pressure line between the CPC valve and the clutch actuator. The FMR valve may have a failure position obstructing flow of the hydraulic fluid from the CPC valve to the clutch actuator when the CPC valve is in the open position.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating input torque and output torque in a continuously variable transmission having a variator. The method comprising the steps of determining (202) a transmission input and/or output speed, calculating (204) the speed of each of a plurality of transmission components by reflecting the transmission input and/or output speed through the transmission to each of the plurality of transmission components, and calculating (208) the speed rate of change of each of the plurality of transmission components. The inertia torque of each of the plurality of transmission components is calculated (210) based upon its respective speed rate of change and a predetermined component inertia value (209). The method further comprises the steps of determining (211) a motor torque of the variator, and calculating (212) a transmission input torque and transmission output torque by reflecting the motor torque of the variator through the transmission to the transmission input and output.

Abstract: A launch control method is provided for a vehicle having an accelerator, a brake and a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The method comprises determining: (i) a braking torque set by a vehicle operator by pressing a brake pedal of the vehicle; and (ii) a holding torque required to hold the vehicle in a stationary position. The method also determines that the operator has released the brake pedal. The brake is released whilst engaging a launch clutch of the CVT, wherein the launch clutch is engaged by increasing a clutch engagement pressure at a first pressure ramp rate, such that the sum of the braking torque and a clutch torque of the clutch remains equal to the holding torque. An acceleration torque requested by the operator via the accelerator is determined. The clutch engagement pressure is increased at a second pressure ramp rate when it is determined that the braking torque is substantially zero, such that the clutch torque is increased by the acceleration torque.

Abstract: A method of operating a transmission of a vehicle drive train is provided. The transmission comprises at least one interlocking shift element and at least one frictional shift element. The method comprises receiving a command for the at least one interlocking shift element to move to an engaged position, and applying a first pressure of fluid to the at least one interlocking shift element. The first pressure of fluid is less than a maximum engagement pressure. A second pressure of fluid to the at least one frictional shift element is pulsed. It is then determined whether the interlocking shift element has moved to the engaged position. The first pressure of fluid is then increased towards the maximum engagement pressure once it has been determined that the shift element is in the engaged position.

Abstract: A multilayered laminate film containing dispersed pigment which is suitable as a back cover for a solar module is provided. The film comprises, in the order listed: a) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises: at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; and from 1 to 65% by weight of a light-reflecting filler; b) optionally, a layer of a thermoplastic moulding composition; and c) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; and from 1 to 65% by weight of a light-reflecting filler; wherein at least one of layers a) and c) further comprises from 1 to 25% by weight of the layer composition of a polyamide elastomer which is a polyetheresteramide, a polyetheramide or a combination thereof. A solar module containing the multilayered laminate film is also provided.

Abstract: A trailing arm device (1) of a drivable torsion beam axle (2) is described. The trailing arm device (1) has a housing (5) in which a drive-train (8) can be arranged and is connected to a trailing arm (4). The housing (5), as fitted into position within a vehicle, has a sidewall (11) formed integrally with a central housing region (9) on a side facing toward a wheel. The sidewall delimits a housing interior space (10) that accommodates, at least partially, the drive-train (8). On the side facing away from the wheel, the housing interior space (10) is delimited by at least one cover element (14) that can be detachably connected to the central housing region (9).

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method of reducing output torque deficits during the launch of a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission, wherein the variator has an input connected to a prime mover and an output. The method comprises the steps of determining a rate of change of ratio in the transmission, and predicting a required motor speed ratio rate of change value of the variator on the basis of: (i) the determined rate of change of ratio in the transmission, and (ii) the configuration of the transmission. The speed of the variator output is adjusted so as to achieve the required motor speed ratio rate of change value.